Demographic and Health Survey 2006
Azerbaijan, 2006
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AZE_2006_DHS_v01_M
Demographic and Health Survey 2006
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | AZE |
Demographic and Health Survey (standard) - DHS V
Following discussions with USAID and UNICEF regarding support for a new survey to obtain precise data on infant and child mortality, the 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (AzDHS) was carried out from July to November 2006. This is the first DHS survey conducted in the country.
The 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (2006 AzDHS) is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Azerbaijan. The primary goal of the survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data pertaining to the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The 2006 AzDHS was conducted from July to November by the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Macro International Inc. provided technical support for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. USAID Caucasus, Azerbaijan provided funding for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to assist countries worldwide in obtaining information on key population and health indicators. The UNICEF/Azerbaijan country office was instrumental for political mobilization during the early stages of the 2006 AzDHS negotiation with the Government of Azerbaijan and also supported the survey through in-kind contributions.
The 2006 AzDHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal and child health, adult health, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well.
The 2006 AzDHS results are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of Azerbaijanis and health services for the people of Azerbaijan. The 2006 AzDHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.
Sample survey data
- Household
- Children under five years
- Women age 15-49
- Men age 15-49
Scope
The 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey covers the following topics:
- Abortion
- Anemia Questions–Questions or testing assessing prevalence/severity of iron-def. anemia among women or children
- Anemia Testing
- Anthropometry
- Birth Registration
- Blood Pressure
- Domestic Violence
- Full Pregnancy History–All surveys with the calendar and surveys that use DHS+ core questionnaire include a five-year calendar. Purpose to calculate abortion rates and neonatal rates if the calendar is not available.
- HIV Behavior
- HIV Knowledge–Questions assess knowledge/sources of knowledge/ways to avoid HIV
- Iodine salt test
- Male circumcision
- Men's Survey
- Micronutrients
- Reproductive Calendar
- TB Questions
- Tobacco Use
- Vitamin A Questions
Coverage
The 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (2006 AzDHS) is a nationally representative sample survey.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| State Statistical Committee (SSC) |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Macro International Inc. | Technical support |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United States Agency for International Development, Azerbaijan | Financial support |
| United Nations Children's Fund, Azerbaijan |
Sampling
The sample was designed to permit detailed analysis, including the estimation of rates of fertility, infant/child mortality, and abortion, for the national level, for Baku, and for urban and rural areas separately. Many indicators are available separately for each of the economic regions in Azerbaijan except the Autonomous Republic of Nakhichevan (conducting the survey in Nakhichevan was complicated, since this region is in the blockade).
A representative probability sample of households was selected for the 2006 AzDHS sample. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 318 clusters in Baku and 8 other economic regions were selected from a list of enumeration areas from the master sample frame that was designed for the 1999 Population Census. In the second stage, a complete listing of households was carried out in each selected cluster. Households were then systematically selected from each cluster for participation in the survey. This design resulted in a final sample of 7,619 households.
Because of the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the different economic regions, sampling weights will be required in all analysis using the DHS data to ensure the actual representativity of the sample at both the national and regional levels. The sampling weight for each household is the inverse of its overall selection probability with correction for household non-response; the individual weight is the household weight with correction of individual non-response. Sampling weights are further normalized in order to give the total number of unweighted cases equal to the total number of weighted cases at the national level, for both household weights and individual weights.
All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the 2006 AzDHS sample or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, all men age 15-59 in one-third of the households selected for the survey were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey. Interviews were completed with 8,444 women and 2,558 men.
Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the Final Report.
A total of 7,619 households were selected for the sample, of which 7,341 were found at the time of fieldwork. The main reason for the difference is that some of the dwelling units that were occupied during the household listing operation were either vacant or the household was away for an extended period at the time of interview. Of the households that were found, 98 percent were successfully interviewed.
In these households, 8,652 women were identified as eligible for the individual interview. Interviews were completed with 98 percent of the women. Of the 2,717 eligible men identified, 94 percent were successfully interviewed.
Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.1 of the Final Report.
Because of the nonproportional allocation of the sample to the different economic regions, sampling weights were required to ensure the actual representativity of the sample at the national level. The sampling weight for each household in cluster i of stratum h is the inverse of its overall selection probability.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used in the AzDHS: Household Questionnaire, Women’s Questionnaire, and Men’s Questionnaire. The household and individual questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed in the MEASURE DHS program. The model questionnaires were adapted for use by experts from the SSC and Ministry of Health (MOH). Input was also sought from a number of nongovernmental organizations. Additionally, at the request of UNICEF, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) modules on early child education and development, birth registration, and child discipline were adapted for the 2006 AzDHS instrument. The questionnaires were prepared in English and translated into Azerbaijani and Russian. The household and individual questionnaires were pretested in May 2006.
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socioeconomic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected information on the age, sex, educational attainment, and relationship of each household member or visitor to the household. This information provides basic demographic data for Azerbaijan households. It also was used to identify the women and men who were eligible for the individual interview (i.e., women age 15-49 and men age 15-59). In the second part of the Household Questionnaire, there were questions on housing characteristics (e.g., the flooring material, the source of water, and the type of toilet facilities), on ownership of a variety of consumer goods, and other questions relating to the socioeconomic status of the household. In addition, the Household Questionnaire was used to obtain information on child discipline, education, and development; to record height and weight measurements of women, men, and children under age five; and to record hemoglobin measurements of women and children under age five.
The Women’s Questionnaire obtained information from women age 15-49 on the following topics:-
- Background characteristics
- Pregnancy history
- Abortion history
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Knowledge, attitudes, and use of contraception
- Reproductive and adult health
- Vaccinations, birth registration, and childhood illness and treatment
- Breastfeeding and weaning practices
- Marriage and recent sexual activity
- Fertility preferences
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward tuberculosis
- Hypertension and other
The Men’s Questionnaire, administered to men age 15-59, covered the following topics:
- Background characteristics
- Reproductive health
- Marriage and recent sexual activity
- Attitudes toward and use of condoms
- Fertility preferences
- Employment and gender roles
- Attitudes toward women’s status
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward tuberculosis
- Hypertension and other adult health issues
- Smoking and alcohol consumption
Blood pressure measurements of women and men were recorded in their individual questionnaires.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006-07 | 2006-11 |
TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF
All supervisors, field editors, interviewers, and quality control personnel attended the main survey training, which was conducted by the State Statistical Committee and Macro during a threeweek period from late June through July 2006. The training included lectures, demonstrations, practice interviewing in small groups, examinations, and practice in blood pressure measurement. Fourteen health technicians, people with medical backgrounds who were recruited by the Ministry of Health, were trained separately during the same period in the procedures for anthropometric measurement and anemia testing. All field staff participated in three days of field practice.
HEMOGLOBIN TESTING
Hemoglobin testing is the primary method of anemia diagnosis. Reliable measures are obtained using the HemoCue system. In all households selected for the 2006 AzDHS survey, women age 15-49 and children age 6 to 59 months were tested for anemia. A consent statement was read to the eligible respondent or to the parent or responsible adult for children and young women age 15-17. This statement explained the purpose of the test, informed them that the results would be made available as soon as the test was completed, and requested permission for the test to be carried out.
Before taking any blood, the finger was wiped with an alcohol swab and allowed to air dry. Then, the palm side of the end of a finger was punctured with a sterile, nonreusable, self-retractable lancet and a drop of blood was collected in a HemoCue microcuvette, which serves as a measuring device, and placed in a HemoCue photometer which displays the result. An informative brochure was given to each household explaining what anemia is, its symptoms, and measures to prevent anemia. Each person whose hemoglobin level was lower than the recommended cut-off point was given a written referral recommending immediate follow-up with a health professional.
FIELDWORK
Eleven teams collected the survey data; each team consisted of four female interviewers, a male interviewer, a field editor, and a team supervisor. A health technician was also assigned to each team. Fieldwork began in late July 2006 and was completed by early November 2006. Senior DHS technical staff visited teams regularly to review the work and monitor data quality.
Data processing
The processing of the Azerbaijan DHS results began shortly after the fieldwork commenced. Completed questionnaires were returned regularly from the field to SSC headquarters in Baku, where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel who were specially trained for this task. The data processing personnel included a supervisor, a questionnaire administrator, several office editors, 10 data entry operators, and a secondary editor. The concurrent processing of the data was an advantage since the survey technical staff was able to advise field teams of problems detected during the data entry using tables generated to check various data quality parameters. As a result, specific feedback was given to the teams to improve their performance. The data entry and editing phase of the survey was completed in late January 2007.
Data appraisal
The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (AzDHS 2006) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2006 AzDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2006 AzDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2006 AzDHS is a Macro SAS procedure. This procedure used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
Note: See detailed estimate of sampling error calculation in APPENDIX B of the Final Report.
Data Quality Tables
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Completeness of reporting
- Births by calendar year since birth
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
- Nutritional status of children based on NCHS/CDC/WHO International Reference Population
Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX C of the Final Report.
Data Access
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| MEASURE DHS | www.measuredhs.com | archive@measuredhs.com |
DISSEMINATION POLICY
MEASURE DHS believes that widespread access to survey data by responsible researchers has enormous advantages for the countries concerned and the international community in general. Therefore, MEASURE DHS policy is to release survey data to researchers after the main survey report is published, generally within 12 months after the end of fieldwork. with few limitations these data have been made available for wide use.
DISTRIBUTION OF DATASETS
MEASURE DHS is authorized to distribute, at no cost, unrestricted survey data files for legitimate academic research, with the condition that we receive a description of any research project that will be using the data.
Registration is required for access to data.
Datasets are available for download to all registered users, free of charge. To download datasets, you must first register online and request the country(ies) and datasets that you are interested in. When submitting a dataset request, users must include a brief description of how the data will be used.
DATASETS TERMS OF USE
Datasets are made available with the following conditions:
- Survey data files are distributed by MEASURE DHS for academic research/statistical analysis. Researchers need to provide a description of any research/analysis that will be using the data, before access is granted to the datasets.
- Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of MEASURE DHS.
- All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to the MEASURE DHS Data Archive as a Portable Format Document (pdf) or a hard copy, for us to forward to the country(ies) whose data have been used.
More information on the access policy and terms of use is available at www.measuredhs.com
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Azerbaijan State Statistical Committee (SSC) and Macro International Inc.. Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2006. Dataset downloaded from www.measuredhs.com on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| General Inquiries | info@measuredhs.com | www.measuredhs.com |
| Data and Data Related Resources | archive@measuredhs.com | www.measuredhs.com |