Labour Force and Child Labour Survey 2004
Zimbabwe, 2004
Identification
ZWE_2004_LFCLS_v01_M
Labour Force and Child Labour Survey 2004
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zimbabwe | ZWE |
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
The Central Statistical Office (CSO) carries out a Labour Force Survey (LFS) after every five years; the last one having been conducted in June 1999. The information is useful for formulating policies on employment, human resources development strategies, macro-economic monitoring, incomes support and social programmes as well as for informing debate on these issues. Following the June 1999 LFS, the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare (MPSL&SW) in collaboration with CSO conducted an in-depth Child Labour Survey (CLS) in September of the same year with the June Survey as a base.
In order to rationalise resource use, the CSO incorporated the CLS into the 2004 LFS and consequently the questionnaire became longer. In June 2003, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) provided a Labour Expert to review the employment statistics and refine questions to meet user demands. The mission was timed to coincide with the consensus-building workshop for stakeholders to discuss questions, methods, draft manuals and the expected output from the 2004 LFS. The workshop objectives were to firm up on the 2004 LFS instruments as well as foster a common understanding of the process involved. User organisations such as MPSL&SW, ILO and the National Social Security Authority (NSSA) were involved in the survey preparations from questionnaire design, training and fieldwork to writing of the report, in line with some of the recommendations made during the 1999 LFS dissemination workshops.
Preparations for the 2004 Labour Force Survey were intensified in February 2003 when an internal committee was set up to spearhead, guide and participate in the activities from design of survey instruments to dissemination. Representatives from the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, National Social Security Authority, the International Labour Organisations and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were co-opted into the committee in recognition of their special needs of labour information.
In June 2003, the Central Statistical Office sought services of a Labour Expert/Consultant from ILO Geneva, to review labour statistics. The mission was timed to coincide with a LFS stakeholder workshop held in Mutare. The workshop, attended by representatives from government ministries/departments, parastatals, trade unions, UNICEF and United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), was to discuss the questions, methods, draft manuals and the expected output in order to firm up on survey instruments while at the same time fostering a common understanding of the process involved.
The main objectives of the LFS were to provide information on the:
i. number of people classified according to their activity status
ii. size and characteristics of the economically active population, i.e. the employed and the unemployed
iii. informal sector employment
iv. number of working children
v. detrimental effects on working children, and
vi. living conditions in general.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Coverage
National. Data are presented at national and provincial levels with disaggregation to rural/ urban areas.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Central Statistical Office |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| International Labour Organization | Technical support |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) | Technical and/or financial support |
| United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) | Technical and/or financial support |
| National Social Security Authority (NSSA) | Technical and/or financial support |
| MPSL&SW | Technical and/or financial support |
Sampling
Sample Design
The sampling frame used for the 2004 LFS was the 2002 Zimbabwe Master Sample (ZMS02) developed by the Central Statistical Office after the 2002 Population Census. With the exception of Harare and Bulawayo, each of the other eight provinces were stratified into four strata according to land use: Communal Lands, Large Scale Commercial Farming Areas (LSCFA), Urban and Semi-Urban Areas, and Small Scale Commercial Farming Areas (SSCFA) and Resettlement Areas. Only one urban stratum was formed in each of Harare and Bulawayo. This gave a total of 34 strata.
The sample design was in two stages with enumeration areas as the first stage and households as the second stage sampling units. In total 400 EAs were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS), the size being the number of households enumerated in the 2002 census. The selection of the EAs was a systematic, one-stage operation, carried out independently for each of the 34 strata.
A sub-sample of 200 enumeration areas (EAs) from the 400 EAs in the ZMS02 was selected for the LFS in two stages. In the first stage, 200 EAs were selected with equal probabilities. Since the EAs in the ZMS02 were selected with probability proportional to size from the sampling frame, equal probability selection of a subsample of EAs for the LFS was equivalent to selection with probability proportional to size from the entire sampling frame. A complete listing of the households in the selected EAs was carried out and the list of households used as the frame for the second-stage systematic random selection of households.
The urban response rate was 96 percent while the rural response rate was 88 percent.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2004-06-01 | 2004-06-21 |
Pilot Survey
The survey instruments for LFS were pre-tested in Masvingo from 19 to 28 February, 2004. During the training for the pilot survey, 3 days were devoted to theory, 2 to field practice and 2 days to data collection on the pilot survey. During the two days of field practice, each enumerator interviewed a minimum of 4 households. Modifications to the questionnaire were made based on lessons drawn from the exercise.
Listing and Mapping Training
Training of Enumerators and Team Leaders for listing and mapping of households was conducted by Provincial Supervisors in their respective provinces from 20 to 21 April, 2004. Listing of households was conducted from 22 to 28 April, 2004 and the lists were used to update the sampling frame for the households in the selected enumeration areas (EAs).
Training of Trainers & Enumerators
The main training for the survey was conducted at two levels. The first level was the training of trainers from CSO, ILO and MPSL&SW held in Chinhoyi from 14 to18 May, 2004. The Provincial Supervisors were included to equip them with thorough understanding as they would (i) train enumerators and be able to categorise them according to their strengths and weaknesses for the purpose of field supervision and (ii) supervise at provincial level. The second level training was for Team Leaders and Enumerators and was again conducted in Chinhoyi from 19 to 28 May, 2004 with Provincial Supervisors as the lead trainers assisted by first level trainers.
The second level training comprised five days of theoretical instructions and mock interviews, 4 days of field practice using real respondents with every other day set aside for discussions of the field experiences after each day of field practice. Trainees were given tests to establish their understanding of the survey concepts and definitions as well as practical examples. There were sessions for translating the English questionnaires into the main local languages of Shona and Ndebele.
Manpower
The fieldwork for LFS was carried out in all the 10 provinces by 127 Enumerators/Team Leaders. The provincial teams comprised Supervisors (National & Provincial), Team Leaders, Enumerators and drivers. The size and composition of these teams varied from province to province depending on the sample allocation.
Data Collection
The fieldwork for LFS was carried out from 1 to 21 June, 2004 and interviews were conducted in local languages. It took between 45 and 80 minutes for an Enumerator to complete each questionnaire. Each enumerator covered an average of 100 households. The respondents were assured of confidentiality of results under the provision of the Census and Statistics Act, Chapter 10:15. The average response rate was 92 percent and the reasons for non-response include:
- Household members were away for an extended period during the survey period.
- Dwellings were vacant after occupiers had left employment at some of the commercial farms and some were seasonal workers.
- Few cases of refusals especially in low-density suburbs.
The urban response rate was 96 percent while the rural response rate was 88 percent.
Supervision
The Household Survey Branch coordinated the administrative and logistics of the survey, with the Provincial Supervisors coordinating the overall supervision of data collection in their respective provinces. Each Team Leader was assigned 6 Enumerators to supervise and each Enumerator covered two EAs. The survey supervisory team consisted of national core team members from the Head Office who were assigned a province each to supervise, 10 Provincial Supervisors and Team Leaders. Supervision concentrated mainly on quality control through observing interviews, re-interviewing a percentage of households and field editing of questionnaires to check for completeness and consistency.
Transport
The National and Provincial Supervisors were provided with a vehicle and additional vehicles were hired for use by Team Leaders and Enumerators to compliment the motorbike fleet. This contributed to the smooth flow of fieldwork supervision and data collection.
Publicity
Due to financial constraints the survey was publicised at national level only through the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Holdings (ZBH) on a television programme, “This Morning”. Provincial Supervisors, Team Leaders and Enumerators publicised the survey at provincial, district and EA levels. The publicity was done to ensure that potential respondents understand the objectives of the study so that they would be at ease in responding to child labour questions and contribute willingly and honestly without fear of the information being used for anything else other than statistical purposes.
Metadata production
DDI_ZWE_2004_LFCLS_v01_M_WB