Child Labor Survey 2001
Cambodia, 2001
Identification
KHM_2001_CCLS_v01_M
Child Labor Survey 2001
Angkat Kamlang Polkam Koma 2001
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
The Royal Government of Cambodia has placed the issue of child labour 2001 high on its agenda, and in recent years has made a large number of interventions, in cooperation with international, regional organizations, NGOs, and other partners. For Cambodia, like the rest of the world, there are many issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure the effective abolition of child labour. Eliminating child labour in Cambodia is one of the most urgent challenges of our time.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Household
- Individual
- Children aged 5-17 years
Scope
The 2001 Cambodia Child Labor Survey covered the following topics:
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
- Demographic Characteristics of All Household Members
- Migration Status of Households
- Migration Status of Children 5-17 Years of Age (in the last five years ago)
- Housing Conditions
- Usual Economic Activity of Household Members 5 (five) Years Old and Over During The Last 12 Months
- Current Economic Activity of Household Members 5 (five) Years and Over During Past 7 Days
- Earnings and Hours of Work of Household Members 5 (five) Years Old and Over Who Worked
- Other Activities During Past 7 Days
CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS
- Housekeeping Activities/ Household Chores of Children 5-17 Years Old (NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY)
- Children 5-17 Years Old Who Were Idle/ Did Not Do Anything During Past 7 Days (Not attending school/training institution)
- Health and Safety Aspects of Children 5-17 Years Old Who Have Worked at Any Time
- Place of Work/ Employer of Children 5-17 Years of Age Currently Working
- Children 5-17 Years Old Working as Employees for Someone Else for Payments In-cash or In-kind, or Without Any Payment
- Perceptions of Parents/ Guardians or Other Relatives with Whom The Working Child Usually Resides
ESTABLISHMENt
- Enumeration Particulars
- General Information
- Labor
- Wages/ Salaries, Benefits and Facilities
- Work Safety
Coverage
National Phnom Penh, Other Urban and Other Rural area Urban/Rural areas
The survey covered all household members and children aged 5 to 17 years residing in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| World Bank | Technical assistance |
| Asian Development Bank | Technical assistance |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| World Bank | Financial assistance |
| Asian Development Bank | Financial assistance |
| Swedish International Development Agency | Financial assistance |
| The International Labour Organization (ILO)/Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) International Labor Organization on the Elimination of Child Labour | Funding on Sampling Design |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ILO-SIMPOC Consultants | Technical Assistance on Sampling Design |
Sampling
The sample for CCLS 2001 was a stratified sample selected in two stages. At the first stage, the villages (primary sampling units or PSU's) were selected from the list of villages for every stratum within the domains listed in order of: province/city, district, commune and village. The method of circular systematic sampling with the probability of inclusion of a village proportional to its size (CSS-PPS) was used to select the villages. In addition to the code for the above, the sampling frame contained identification particulars: the name of the villages as well as the number of households in the village as known at that time. The number of households in the village identified in the sampling frame was taken as its size. The actual number of households in selected villages was obtained later by direct listing. In this method, the actual number of households was generally different from the number recorded in the sampling frame. To avoid ambiguity, the number of households in a village as recorded in the sampling frame will always be referred to as its size. In other words, the number of households in the village was used as the measure of size. Sample village selection was done through the use of a computer program.
At the second stage of selection, for each sample village, or PSU (except for large villages), a field listing operation was undertaken. Large villages comprising about 210 households, based on the current household estimates by the village leaders, were segmented first. A segment was then chosen randomly and a complete listing of households was prepared. This entailed carrying out a complete canvass of the PSU in order to make a current and complete listing of households contained within. The procedure involved creating a sketch map of the PSU where physical boundaries in the village and the location of each household were sketched. Canvassing entailed a systematic covering of the entire village following a prescribed path of travel in order to make sure that all housing units in which the households reside were accounted for. After the listing operation was completed, a fixed sample size of 20 households was selected in each PSU. The selection was carried out using a circular systematic random sampling with a random start (CSS).
Detailed discussion is provided in Sampling.pdf document.
The need to adjust the weights for non-response did not arise as completed questionnaires from all sampled villages and households were retrieved achieving a 100% response rate.
Two kinds of household weights were calculated, one was for small villages with less than 211 households and the other for large PSUs haiving 211 households or more. The formulas and details on calculation are presented in Append A of CCLS 2001 report.
Survey instrument
The Cambodia Child Labour survey 2001 used three forms:
Form 1: Questionnaire for Households
Form 2: Questionnaire for Parents/Guardians of Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
Form 3: Questionnaire for Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
The household questionnaire (Form 1) included demographic characteristics of all household members, migration status of the household (in the last five years), migration status of children 5 to 17 years of age, housing conditions, household income and expenditures, usual economic activity of household members 5 years old and over during the last 12 months, current economic activity of household members 5 years and over during the past 7 days, earnings and hours of work of household members 5 years old and over who worked (according to the main activity during the past 7 days and other activities during the past 7 days).
In the questionnaire about children aged 5 to 17 in the households (Form 2), queries all children 5 to 17 years old were addressed to parents, guardians, or responsible proxies in the household where the child usually resides. This form contained questions on housekeeping activities/household chores of children 5 to 17 years old; children 5 to 17 years old who were idle/did not do anything during the past 7 days; health and safety of children 5 to 17 years old who had worked at any time; place of work/employer of children 5 to 17 years of age currently working; children 5 to 17 years working as employees for someone else for payment in cash or in kind or without any payment; perception of parents/guardians or other relatives with whom the working child usually resides.
In the questionnaire for children (Form 3), the questions were addressed to children 5 to 17 years of age: hours actually worked, economic activities, age started to work for the first time, currently or usually worked, health and safety of working children, working conditions and perceptions of working children.
The statistical information on hazardous child labour was collected through an establishment survey. Selection of establishments was based on the results of the household-based child labour survey, and establishments found to employ child labour were identified for a follow-up survey by interviewers with the employers and the children identified as child workers.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2001-05 | 2001-06 |
| Name |
|---|
| National Institute of Statistics |
There were 60 supervisors assigned for the conduct of CCLS 2001. Of which:
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
The roles of the supervisors include:
- To get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation;
- To immediately edit completed questionnaires to validate al the entries; and
- To batch and send all validated questionnaires to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh.
To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, 4 area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
Recruitment of Enumerators and Supervisors
For this large-scale nationwide survey, a selection committee was formed to recruit the right staff for the survey. The committee included seven members and two secretaries, of whom H.E. Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Planning, was the Head of the committee, the Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head, the Deputy Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head and other Chiefs of NIS Departments were members of the committee. The number of enumerators and supervisors is broken down according to the institutions origin as follows:
-
Enumerators: 250 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 104 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 105 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 5 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 36 persons -
Supervisors: 60 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
Training
The training course consisted of instructions in general interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed discussion of items on the questionnaires and practice interviews in the field, as well as the procedure for sample selection in the actual field operation. The training of enumerators and supervisors was broken into two phases. First the supervisors were trained on supervising activities for the duration of four days from 22/01/01 to 25/01/01. This was followed by the enumerator training for the duration of one week from 05/03/01 to 10/03/01, focusing on the actual operation of the interviewing activities.
To validate the feasibility and adaptation of the survey questionnaires and survey methodology to the Cambodian household conditions, a pre-test was conducted in Kandal province following the training. A discussion was organized afterward to decide on the necessary changes that should be reflected in the questionnaires as well as the interviewing techniques.
The enumerators (interviewers) were organized in batches for all the provinces of the survey. Supervisors were assigned to get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation. Also, as editing of the completed questionnaires was an integral part of the field data collection, completed questionnaires based on successful interviews were immediately edited by the supervisors to validate all the entries in the questionnaires, before batching and sending them to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh. To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, four area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
Data processing
Processing of the Cambodia Child Labour Survey 2001, from data entry to tabulations, was done with the use of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) of the US Bureau of Census. 20 Machine Encoders (including 2 Supervisors) were trained from 23/05/01 to 25/05/01 before the start of machine encoding activities.
The data dictionary and record design of the questionnaire was developed using IMPS, and the data entry screen was designed to enter information from the questionnaires.
To confirm the legitimacy of the entries, the data in the questionnaires was reentered. The data files created through this system are in ASCII format and the variables in each data file can be identified using the data dictionary that is based on IMPS. Database files in Foxpro/Foxbase/dBase format was also created.
To check the correctness, completeness, range validity and consistency between items of the data, an editing program was developed. This software was created to check and validate the data files, and to produce error printouts for modification. The cleaned database was compared with other sources before it was used for further processing.
Data editing took place at the following stages of data processing:
- On the field: Manual editing on the done by supervisors.
- Questionnaire reception at NIS: Manual editing and coding done by 15 manual editing personnel at NIS.
- During data entry: Re-entry of data in the questionnaires to confirm legitimacy of the entries.
- Correctness, completeness, range validity and consistency checking: An editing program was developed to check and validate data files and produce error printouts from modification.
- Verification of database with other sources
- Data quality tabulation: With the preliminary tables generated, data validation work was carried out and range checks built were reviewed.
Data appraisal
The estimation of the magnitude of sampling error in the survey data was computed. Since most of the estimates from the survey are in the form of weighted ratios, variances for ratio estimates were thus presented. Appendix A of the CCLS 2001 report discusses in detail the sampling error estimation.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh | sythan@forum.org.kh |
| Director, ICT Department | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh/nada | slundy@nis.gov.kh |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The Statistics Law Article 22 specifies matters of confidentiality. It explicitly says that all staff working with statistics within the Government of Cambodia "shall ensure confidentiality of all individual information obtained from respondents, except under special circumstances with the consent of the Minister of Planning. The information collected under this Law is to be used only for statistical purposes." |
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National Institute of Statistics (NIS), Cambodia. Child Labor Survey 2001. Ref. KHM_2001_CCLS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://www.nis.gov.kh/nada/index.php/catalog on [date].
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The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director, Demographic Statistics Census and Survey Department | National Institute of Statistics | census@camnet.com.kh | http://www.nis.gov.kh/ |
| General Inquiries | National Institute of Statistics | info@nis.gov.kh | http://www.nis.gov.kh/ |
| Data User Service Center | National Institute of Statistics | dusc@nis.gov.kh | http://www.nis.gov.kh/ |
Metadata production
DDI_KHM_2001_CCLS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kim Chantharith | National Institute of Statistics | Archivist |
| Saint Lundy, Chao Pheav | National Institute of Statistics | Reviewer |
| Chao Pheav | National Institute of Statistics | Reviewer |
| Accelerated Data Program | International Household Survey Network | Reviewer |
2009-09-28
Metadata version
Version 1.0 - National Institute of Statistics - Original documentation of the study.
Version 2.0 - Edited version by ADP based on Version 1.0 of NIS downloaded from http://www.nis.gov.kh/nada/index.php/catalog on 14 May 2013.