Global School-based Student Health Survey 2004
Zambia, 2004
Get MicrodataIdentification
ZMB_2004_GSHS_v01_M
Global School-based Student Health Survey 2004
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zambia | ZMB |
World Health Survey [hh/whs]
The GSHS is a collaborative surveillance project designed to help countries measure and assess the behavioural risk factors and protective factors in 10 key areas among young people aged 13 to 17 years. The GSHS is a relatively low-cost school-based survey which uses a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on young people's health behaviour and protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide. The GSHS was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with United Nations' UNICEF, UNESCO, and UNAIDS; and with technical assistance from CDC.
As of December 2011, representatives from more than 107 countries have been trained and 73 countries have completed a GSHS. Twenty-nine countries have been trained but have not conducted their surveys because of insufficient funds, staff turnover, or other in-country barriers. More than 420,000 students have participated in a GSHS survey.
The Zambia Global School Health Survey (GSHS) was conducted in 2004 for the purpose of collecting accurate data on health behaviours and protective factors among school going children grade 7 to 10. The survey was done in all the nine provinces of Zambia. A sample size of 50 schools was selected out of which 47(94%) schools participated. The 2004 Zambia GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in grades 7, 8, 9 and 10. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of the above grades. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrollment size. The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting classes (using a random start) from each participating school. All classes in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Students aged 13-15 years
Version
- v01: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Scope
The 2004 Zambia GSHS measured alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviours that contribute to HIV infections, other STIs, and unintended pregnancies; unintentional injuries and violence; hygiene; dietary behaviours and overweight; physical activity; mental health; and protective factors.
Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Health |
| Ministry of Education |
| World Health Organization |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
| Name |
|---|
| World Health Organization |
Sampling
The 2004 Zambia GSHS was a cross-sectional survey, which employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in grades 7, 8, 9 and 10. The first stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of the above grades. Fifty (50) schools out of a frame of 4,621 government schools were selected to participate in the Zambia GSHS from all the 9 provinces using scientific random sampling. Fourty seven schools participated. Data collection was conducted in September 2004 for two weeks.
The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting classes (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classes in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled classes were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
A weighting factor was applied to each question to adjust for nonresponse and for the varying probabilities of selection.
A total of 3,021 students were eligible but only 2,257 students participated (75%) giving an overall response rate of 70%.
The weighted demographic characteristics of the sample are as follows:
Males 54.2%
Females 45.8%
Grade 7 56.0%
Grade 8 20.9%
Grade 9 21.1%
Grade 10 2.0%
Survey instrument
The Zambia GSHS questionnaire contained 89 questions addressing the following topics:
- Age and sex
- Weight and height
- Dietary behaviours and household food security
- Personal hygiene
- Water
- Physical violence
- Injuries
- Bullying
- Personal safety
- Feelings and friendship
- Alcohol abuse
- Drug abuse
- Sexual behaviours and HIV/AIDS
- Physical activity
- Leisure time
- Experiences at school
The core questions in the GSHS questionnaire numbered Q1 to Q54 were collected in all the participating countries. In addition, questions 55 to 89 were included specifically for Zambia. These questions addressed the last six topics above.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2004-09 | 2004-09 |
| Name |
|---|
| Central Board of Health |
| Ministry of Health |
| Ministry of Education |
Data was collected in 2004 within a period of two weeks and was done in such a way that student confidentiality was upheld by allowing for anonymity and voluntary participation as per research ethics requirements. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire during one classroom period and recorded their responses directly on a computer-scanable answer sheet. A team of 12 Survey Administrators drawn from Central Board of Health (CBOH), Ministry of Health (MOH) and Ministry of Education (MOE) conducted the data collection.
Data processing
Missing data were not statistically imputed. The software that was used took into consideration the sample design to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were used. Along side data collection, questionnaires were collected, counted and checked for errors. Missing data were not statistically imputed. The software that was used took into consideration the sample design to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were used. Data was further processed and analyzed by CDC in Atlanta, USA and results sent back to Zambia for report writing.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ | chronicdiseases@who.int |
GSHS data release and publication policies and procedures are based on the following guiding principles:
- GSHS data are owned by the official country-level agency (ex. Ministry of Health) conducting or sponsoring the survey.
- Public health and scientific advancement are best served by an open and timely exchange of data and data analyses.
- The privacy of participating schools and students must be protected.
- Data quality must be maintained.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education of Zambia, World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zambia Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2004, Ref. ZMB_2004_GSHS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | chronicdiseases@who.int | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ |
| The World Bank Microdata Library | The World Bank | microdata@worldbank.org | http://microdata.worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_ZMB_2004_GSHS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2013-09-30
Metadata version
Version 01 (September 2013)