1991 Population and Housing Census - IPUMS Subset
Malaysia, 1991
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Reference ID
MYS_1991_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Department of Statistics Malaysia, IPUMS
Metadata
Created on
Sep 29, 2011
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
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- Data files
- MYS1991_PHC-H-H.dat
- MYS1991_PHC-P-H.dat
Highest certificates obtained (MY1991A_DEGREE)
Data file: MYS1991_PHC-P-H.dat
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
212
End:
212
Width:
1
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
[Questions C1-27 were asked of persons who live in their households on Census Days.]</p>
<p><svar v="MY91A412 MY91A413 MY91A414">[Questions C12-14 were asked of persons who had ever attended school.]<br /></svar></p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A414">C14. What is the highest certificate obtained?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 None<br />[] 2 SRP/LCE<br />[] 3 SPM/MCE/SC/4 Thanawi<br />[] 4 SPVM/SPM(V)/MCVE<br />[] 5 STPM/HSC/STA<br />[] 6 Diploma/Certificate<br />[] 7 Degree</div><br /></svar>
<p><svar v="MY91A412 MY91A413 MY91A414">[Questions C12-14 were asked of persons who had ever attended school.]<br /></svar></p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A414">C14. What is the highest certificate obtained?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 None<br />[] 2 SRP/LCE<br />[] 3 SPM/MCE/SC/4 Thanawi<br />[] 4 SPVM/SPM(V)/MCVE<br />[] 5 STPM/HSC/STA<br />[] 6 Diploma/Certificate<br />[] 7 Degree</div><br /></svar>
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 0 | NIU (not in universe) |
| 1 | None |
| 2 | SRP/LCE (Sijil Rendah Pelajaran/Lower certificate of education) |
| 3 | SPM/SP, MCE/SC (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia/Sijil Pelajaran, Malaysian certificate of education, School certificate) |
| 4 | SPVM/MCVE (Sijil Pelajaran Vokesyenal Malaysia/ Malaysian Certificate of vocational education) |
| 5 | STPM/HSC/STA (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan/Higher school certificate) |
| 6 | Diploma |
| 7 | Degree |
| 9 | Unknown |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
<svar v="MY91A411 MY91A412 MY91A413 MY91A414"><span class="h3">Question C11-C14</span><br /><br /><span class="em">Purpose</span><br />The purpose of these questions is to obtain information for each person including:<br /><div class="i1">The level of education, that is, whether the person has ever been to school or not, and whether he/she is currently attending school or has completed schooling.<br />The highest level of schooling completed/still attending.<br />The highest certificate obtained.</div><br /></svar></p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A414"><span class="h3">Question C14</span><br /><br />[The enumeration form is not presented here.]<br /><br /><span class="em">Definition</span><br />The definitions of abbreviations as shown in the answer boxes are as follows:<br /><br />SRP/LCE<br />Sijil Rendah Pelajaran/Lower Certificate of Education (For grades A, B and C only)<br /><br />SPM/MCE/SC/4 Thanawi<br />Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia/Malaysian Certificate of Education/Senior Cambridge/4 Thanawi (Certificate of Islamic Education). (for grades 1, 2, and 3 only)<br /><br />SPVM/SPM(V)/MCVE<br />Sijil Pelajaran Vokasional Malaysia/Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (Vokasional)/Malaysian Certificate of Vocational Education. (For grades 1, 2, and 3 only)<br /><br />STPM/HSC/STA<br />Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia/Higher School Certificate/Sijil TiTinggi Agama<br /><br />Diploma/Certificate<br />This category includes diploma and certificates obtained from colleges or polytechnics proceeding degree levels.<br /><br />Degree<br />Including all degree levels which are first degree, Masters, Doctor of Philosophy, or the equivalent.<br /><br /><span class="pg">[p.132]</span><br /><br />How to ask the question<br /><div class="i1">Ask this question as follows:<br /><span class="ital">"What is the highest certificate ____ (member's name) obtained?"</span></div><br /><br />How to record the answer<br /><div class="i1">Only the highest certificate is to be marked.</div><br /><br />For persons who have certificates other than those given in the answer codes because of:<br /><div class="i1">(i) The examination was taken some time in the past.<br />(ii) The examination was taken overseas.</div><br />Ask the respondent what the certificate is equivalent to the present-day Malaysian education system.<br /><br />Mark in the box "None" (Code 1) if :<br />(i) The person has not passed any of the examinations.<br />(ii) The person is too young to sit for such examinations.<br /><br />Reminder:<br />For persons who have Standard 6 certificate, mark Code 1.<br />The diplomas/certificates which were obtained after completion of first degree should be marked Code 7.<br />Advanced Diploma is equivalent to Degree which is Code 7.<br /></svar>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A414"><span class="h3">Question C14</span><br /><br />[The enumeration form is not presented here.]<br /><br /><span class="em">Definition</span><br />The definitions of abbreviations as shown in the answer boxes are as follows:<br /><br />SRP/LCE<br />Sijil Rendah Pelajaran/Lower Certificate of Education (For grades A, B and C only)<br /><br />SPM/MCE/SC/4 Thanawi<br />Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia/Malaysian Certificate of Education/Senior Cambridge/4 Thanawi (Certificate of Islamic Education). (for grades 1, 2, and 3 only)<br /><br />SPVM/SPM(V)/MCVE<br />Sijil Pelajaran Vokasional Malaysia/Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (Vokasional)/Malaysian Certificate of Vocational Education. (For grades 1, 2, and 3 only)<br /><br />STPM/HSC/STA<br />Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia/Higher School Certificate/Sijil TiTinggi Agama<br /><br />Diploma/Certificate<br />This category includes diploma and certificates obtained from colleges or polytechnics proceeding degree levels.<br /><br />Degree<br />Including all degree levels which are first degree, Masters, Doctor of Philosophy, or the equivalent.<br /><br /><span class="pg">[p.132]</span><br /><br />How to ask the question<br /><div class="i1">Ask this question as follows:<br /><span class="ital">"What is the highest certificate ____ (member's name) obtained?"</span></div><br /><br />How to record the answer<br /><div class="i1">Only the highest certificate is to be marked.</div><br /><br />For persons who have certificates other than those given in the answer codes because of:<br /><div class="i1">(i) The examination was taken some time in the past.<br />(ii) The examination was taken overseas.</div><br />Ask the respondent what the certificate is equivalent to the present-day Malaysian education system.<br /><br />Mark in the box "None" (Code 1) if :<br />(i) The person has not passed any of the examinations.<br />(ii) The person is too young to sit for such examinations.<br /><br />Reminder:<br />For persons who have Standard 6 certificate, mark Code 1.<br />The diplomas/certificates which were obtained after completion of first degree should be marked Code 7.<br />Advanced Diploma is equivalent to Degree which is Code 7.<br /></svar>
Description
Definition
This variable indicates the highest certificate the person obtained.
Universe
Malaysia 1991: Persons who ever attended school [discrepancies: none]
concept
Concept
| var_concept.title | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |