1991 Population and Housing Census - IPUMS Subset
Malaysia, 1991
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Reference ID
MYS_1991_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Department of Statistics Malaysia, IPUMS
Metadata
Created on
Sep 29, 2011
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
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- Data files
- MYS1991_PHC-H-H.dat
- MYS1991_PHC-P-H.dat
Employment status (MY1991A_EMPSTAT1)
Data file: MYS1991_PHC-P-H.dat
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
246
End:
246
Width:
1
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
[Questions C1-27 were asked of persons who live in their households on Census Days.]</p>
<p><span class="h3">For person aged 10 years and above (Date of birth before/on 14 of August, 1981) </span>
<br /> [Questions 18-27 are asked of those who lived in their households on Census Days and 10 years old or above.]</p>
<p><svar a="MY91A428" v="MY91A428 MY91A439 MY91A440">C22. What is the main reason for not seeking work?<br /><div class="i1">[Question C22 was asked of persons who did not work at least 1 hour during the last 7 days, did not have any work to return to, and did not look for work during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] 01 Believe no suitable job available<br />[] 02 Bad weather<br />[] 03 Sick/Confinement<br />[] 04 Will start new job<br />[] 05 Waiting for answers to job applications/have looked for work prior to last 7 days<br />[] 06 No qualification<br />[] 07 Still schooling<br />[] 08 Housewife<br />[] 09 Going for further studies<br />[] 10 Handicapped/disabled<br />[] 11 Not interested<br />[] 12 Retired/Too old<br />[] 13 Too young<br />[] 14 Others (specify) ____</div><br /></svar></p>
<p>[Questions C25-27 were asked of persons who worked at least 1 hour during the 7 days and had a job to return to. (Yes was chosen in Question C18 or C19.)]</p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A439 MY91A440">C27. What is your employment status?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Employer<br />[] 2 Employee<br />[] 3 Self-employed<br />[] 4 Unpaid family worker</div><br /></svar>
<p><span class="h3">For person aged 10 years and above (Date of birth before/on 14 of August, 1981) </span>
<br /> [Questions 18-27 are asked of those who lived in their households on Census Days and 10 years old or above.]</p>
<p><svar a="MY91A428" v="MY91A428 MY91A439 MY91A440">C22. What is the main reason for not seeking work?<br /><div class="i1">[Question C22 was asked of persons who did not work at least 1 hour during the last 7 days, did not have any work to return to, and did not look for work during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] 01 Believe no suitable job available<br />[] 02 Bad weather<br />[] 03 Sick/Confinement<br />[] 04 Will start new job<br />[] 05 Waiting for answers to job applications/have looked for work prior to last 7 days<br />[] 06 No qualification<br />[] 07 Still schooling<br />[] 08 Housewife<br />[] 09 Going for further studies<br />[] 10 Handicapped/disabled<br />[] 11 Not interested<br />[] 12 Retired/Too old<br />[] 13 Too young<br />[] 14 Others (specify) ____</div><br /></svar></p>
<p>[Questions C25-27 were asked of persons who worked at least 1 hour during the 7 days and had a job to return to. (Yes was chosen in Question C18 or C19.)]</p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A439 MY91A440">C27. What is your employment status?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Employer<br />[] 2 Employee<br />[] 3 Self-employed<br />[] 4 Unpaid family worker</div><br /></svar>
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 0 | NIU (not in universe) |
| 1 | Employer (persons who employ one or more persons) |
| 2 | Employee (persons who work for someone for pay) |
| 3 | Own account worker (persons who work by themselves and do not employ anybody else though they may have family helpers) |
| 4 | Unpaid family worker (persons who work without pay in a farm or business run by another member of the family) |
| 5 | Unknown |
| 6 | First time job seeker |
| 7 | Other employed |
| 8 | Outside labor force |
| 9 | Unknown |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
<svar v="MY91A424 MY91A425 MY91A426 MY91A427 MY91A428 MY91A429 MY91A430 MY91A431 MY91A432 MY91A433 MY91A434 MY91A435 MY91A436 MY91A437 MY91A438 MY91A439 MY91A440"><span class="h3">Questions C18-C27</span><br /><br /><span class="em">General Guidelines</span><br /><br />Who should be asked?<br />(i) These questions (C18-C27) should be asked for persons aged 10 years and above, that is, those who were born before or on 14 August 1981.<br />Refer to Question C5 to find out the date of birth. For persons whose birth dates are 14 August 1981 or earlier, Questions C18-C27 must be asked.<br />If no information is provided for C5, refer to Question C6. For persons who are 10 years or more, Question C18 - C27 must be asked.<br /><br />(ii) For Questions C25 and C26, if possible, obtain the information from the household members directly so that more detailed information may be given.<br /><br />Reference Period<br />The reference period for Question C18-C27 refer to the 7 days prior to the day of the interview.<br /><br />To determine the reference period, refer to the calendar provided in Document 7 (Thank You Card). <br /><br />Example:<br />If the interview was conducted on 15 August 1991, the information required should be based on the period 8-14 August 1991.<br /></svar></p>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A439 MY91A440"><span class="h3">Question C27</span><br /><br /><span class="em">Purpose</span><br />To determine the working status of a person in employment.<br /><br /><span class="em">Definition</span><br /><span class="ital">Employer (Code 1)</span><br />Person who operates business, industry, plantation or his own professional practice and employs one or more workers to help him.<br /><br /><span class="ital">Employee (Code 2)</span><br />Person who works for a government or private employer and is paid a salary, wage, commission or "tips".<br /><br /><span class="ital">Self-Employed (Code 3)</span><br />Person who operates business, industry, plantation or his own professional practice but does not employ any workers to help him.<br /><br /><span class="ital">Unpaid family worker (Code 4)</span><br />Person who works without receiving salary/wage in an industry, plantation or business that is being operated by a family member/relative.<br /><br /><span class="pg">[p.158]</span><br /><br />How to ask the question<br /><div class="i1">Ask the question as follows:<br /><span class="ital">"What is the employment status of ____ (member's name)?"</span></div><br />How to record the answer<br />Mark "X" in the relevant box.<br />Employment status refers to the occupation as recorded in Question C25.<br /></svar>
<p><svar a="all" v="MY91A439 MY91A440"><span class="h3">Question C27</span><br /><br /><span class="em">Purpose</span><br />To determine the working status of a person in employment.<br /><br /><span class="em">Definition</span><br /><span class="ital">Employer (Code 1)</span><br />Person who operates business, industry, plantation or his own professional practice and employs one or more workers to help him.<br /><br /><span class="ital">Employee (Code 2)</span><br />Person who works for a government or private employer and is paid a salary, wage, commission or "tips".<br /><br /><span class="ital">Self-Employed (Code 3)</span><br />Person who operates business, industry, plantation or his own professional practice but does not employ any workers to help him.<br /><br /><span class="ital">Unpaid family worker (Code 4)</span><br />Person who works without receiving salary/wage in an industry, plantation or business that is being operated by a family member/relative.<br /><br /><span class="pg">[p.158]</span><br /><br />How to ask the question<br /><div class="i1">Ask the question as follows:<br /><span class="ital">"What is the employment status of ____ (member's name)?"</span></div><br />How to record the answer<br />Mark "X" in the relevant box.<br />Employment status refers to the occupation as recorded in Question C25.<br /></svar>
Description
Definition
This variable indicates the employment status of the person.
Universe
Malaysia 1991: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none]
concept
Concept
| var_concept.title | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |