2000 Census of Population and Housing - IPUMS Subset
Zambia, 2000
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Reference ID
ZMB_2000_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Central Statistical Office, IPUMS
Metadata
Created on
Dec 23, 2014
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
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- Data files
- ZMB2000_PHC-H-H.dat
- ZMB2000_PHC-P-H.dat
Activity last twelve months (ZM2000A_WKYEAR)
Data file: ZMB2000_PHC-P-H.dat
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
283
End:
284
Width:
2
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="em"> For Persons 12 Years and Older </span></p>
<p>21. What have you mainly been doing for the past 12 months?
<br />[] Worked - paid non-seasonal
<br />[] Worked - unpaid non-seasonal
<br />[] Worked - paid seasonal
<br />[] Worked - unpaid seasonal
<br />[] On leave
<br />[] Unpaid work on household holding or business
<br />[] Unemployed and seeking work (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Not seeking work but available for work (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Full-time housewife/homemaker (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Full time student (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Not available for work for other reasons (GO TO 25)
<p>21. What have you mainly been doing for the past 12 months?
<br />[] Worked - paid non-seasonal
<br />[] Worked - unpaid non-seasonal
<br />[] Worked - paid seasonal
<br />[] Worked - unpaid seasonal
<br />[] On leave
<br />[] Unpaid work on household holding or business
<br />[] Unemployed and seeking work (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Not seeking work but available for work (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Full-time housewife/homemaker (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Full time student (GO TO 25)
<br />[] Not available for work for other reasons (GO TO 25)
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 01 | Worked, paid non-seasonal |
| 02 | Worked, unpaid non-seasonal |
| 03 | Worked, paid seasonal |
| 04 | Worked, unpaid seasonal |
| 05 | On leave |
| 06 | Unpaid work on household holding or business |
| 07 | Unemployed and seeking work |
| 08 | Not seeking work but available for work |
| 09 | Full time housewife or homemaker |
| 10 | Full time student |
| 11 | Not available for work for other reasons |
| 99 | NIU (not in universe) |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
<span class="h2"> 5.6 Economic activity: for persons 12 years and older </span></p>
<p>In this section, we want to find out whether a person is working or not and, if working, then what type of work he or she is doing. For those who are not working, we would like to know whether or not a person is seeking work or interested in getting work or whether a person is engaged or-involved in some other activity such that he or she is not available or interested in doing work</p>
<p><span class="pg"> 47 </span></p>
<p>of any economic kind. These questions are to be asked only of persons who are at least 12 years old on the day of enumeration. The persons who are 12 years and older can be divided into two categories:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Those working, or not working but interested in work (Labour Force); and<br />b. Those neither interested nor available for work (not in Labour Force).</div><p>Those who are in the labour force can be further classified as below:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Working or work assured but not yet started work.<br />b. Not working:</div><div class="i2">i. Able to work and actively seeking work; and<br />ii. Able to and interested in work though not actively seeking work.</div><p>Those who are not in labour force will include the following categories of persons:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Mainly looking after own household duties (housewives/homemakers), not persons who<br />help with household chores or looking after children;<br />b. Full-time students;<br />c. Not able to work (disabled, too old, invalids);<br />d. Pensioners (only those solely living on pensions);<br />e. Persons living only on rental incomes, past savings, interest, inheritance gambling income, etc.; and<br />f. Others, who are neither interested nor available for work, such as beggars, vagrants, prisoners, etc.</div><span class="h3"> 5.6.1 Working For Pay or Profit </span></p>
<p>We define a person as working if he or she performed some work for pay or profit. Payment may be either in cash, in the form of goods or services or in any combination of these.
<br />Examples:</p>
<div class="i1">a. A person employed by someone on fixed monthly income or weekly or daily wages.<br />b. A person who is paid by an employer on the basis of piece work.<br />c. A person running his/her own business such as a marketeer, a hawker, a cobbler, a tinsmith, a bottle-store operator, a grocery/store owner, etc.<br />d. Two (or more) partners running a business.<br />e. A farmer who tills his/her own farm, with or without the help of other persons.<br />f. A farm labourer who is paid partly in cash and partly in terms of farm produce.<br />g. A person who works in a hotel and gets his wages partly in cash and partly in terms of board and lodging.<br />h. Some students manage to find a job during school holidays and might be working during the reference period. These should be classified as working.<br />Persons who had a job and would normally have worked for pay or profit or return in kind but were:<br />i. Prevented from working by temporary illness, bad weather, industrial dispute such as a strike or a lock-out, on suspension and; <br /><br /><span class="pg"> 48 </span><br /><br />j. All persons who had got a new job but had not yet reported for work, are to be classified as working.</div><p>A person will be classified as working if he/she did any work for pay, profit, or family gain any time during the preceding week for a period equal to at least one working day. By 'preceding week' we mean seven days immediately before the day of enumeration.
<br />For people in agricultural and allied operations the following activities will constitute work during the preceding week for a period equal to at least one working day:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Agriculture: Growing of crops, fruits and vegetables, and raising of poultry and livestock.<br />b. Fishing and hunting.<br />c. Forestry: Collecting or cutting wood, charcoal burning, gathering of honey and beeswax<br />from trees, gathering of mushrooms, caterpillars, etc. and collecting wild fruits, etc for sale.</div><p>Persons (housewives/homemakers) doing only household duties of looking after their own families are not to be regarded as working. Therefore, do not include housewives/homemakets who do not have paid employment or who do not work regularly in a family business or on a family farm as working. However, if a housewife/homemaker is having paid employment or works on a family farm or a family business, he/she is then to be regarded as working. Similarly, a housewife/homemaker who looks after another family and is paid for his, her work in cash or kind is to be regarded as working.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.2 Seasonality </span></p>
<p>There are instances when we find people engaged in seasonal work. Seasonal work refers to a seasonal activity such as tilling the land.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.3 Worked - paid non seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for a wage or salary, in cash or in kind. The work referred to in this category is not seasonal but done throughout the year.</p>
<p><span class="h3">5.6.4 Worked - unpaid non-seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who, during the reference period, performed non seasonal work, without a wage or salary.</p>
<p><span class="h3">5.6.5 Worked - paid seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who performed seasonal work for a wage or salary during the reference period.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.6 Worked - unpaid seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who performed seasonal work without a wage or salary.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.7 On Leave </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who had a job and would normally have worked for pay or profit or return in kind but were on paid or unpaid vacation or study leave.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.8 Unpaid Work On Household Holding Or Business. </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who worked without pay during the reference period on a household holding or business.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.9 Unemployed and Seeking Work </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who took steps to seek paid employment or self-employment during the reference period. This will include people who:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Registered at an employment exchange;<br />b. Went to possible employers to ask for a job;<br />c. Wrote a letter or applied for a job;<br />d. Asked friends, relatives, neighbours, etc. to help them find a job; and<br />e. Made any effort to start business e.g. opening a market stall or clearing a piece of land say for an agricultural activity.</div><span class="h3"> 5.6.10 Not Seeking Work But Available For Work </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who were not working but would like to have a job. These persons are not sure that there is any job available, or who imagine that they are over qualified, or who just say "Where can I get employment?"</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.11 Full Time Housewife/Homemaker </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who are engaged in household duties in their own home; and not persons who help with household chores or looking after children.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.12 Full-Time Students </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons of either sex not classified as usually economically active who attended any regular educational institution, public or private. for systematic instruction at any level of education during the reference period. Also note that those who are on holiday at enumeration time but attend an educational institution regularly are to be recorded as full time students.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.13 Not Available For Work For Other Reasons </span></p>
<p>This refers to people who were not seeking work and were not housewives or homemakers during the reference period. This includes those who are sick, disabled, retired and also those who may not want to work, beggars, prisoners, vagrants, gamblers, etc.</p>
<p><span class="em">P24: What Has Mainly Been Doing in the last 12 months?</span></p>
<p>Under this question the reference period is the last 12 months, thus, persons who will fall under these categories (i.e. worked paid non seasonal, worked unpaid non seasonal, worked paid seasonal, worked unpaid seasonal, on leave, unpaid work on a household holding or business and unemployed and seeking work) will be regarded as the "Usually Economically Active Population". The difference between P-23 and P-24 is the reference period.
<br />Since this reference period of 12 months will be vital in capturing persons in agricultural and allied operations, the following examples are important in pinpointing such persons:-</p>
<div class="i1">a. Did you undertake any regular agricultural work on your own or your family's farm during this agricultural season?<br />b. Did you work as a farm-hand during this agricultural season?<br />c. Were you engaged for pay, profit or family gain mainly in fishing, hunting, charcoal burning, wood cutting, gathering mushroom or caterpillars, collecting wild fruits, etc. since 1999?</div><p>All those who answer 'Yes' to any of these questions will be considered as working and therefore, you should shade appropriately in the questionnaire.</p>
<p>All respondents who answer 'No" to any of these questions, that is, those who were not working. are not supposed to have any Employment Status, Occupation or Industry. Therefore, you are supposed to skip to P - 28 (Marital Status).
<p>In this section, we want to find out whether a person is working or not and, if working, then what type of work he or she is doing. For those who are not working, we would like to know whether or not a person is seeking work or interested in getting work or whether a person is engaged or-involved in some other activity such that he or she is not available or interested in doing work</p>
<p><span class="pg"> 47 </span></p>
<p>of any economic kind. These questions are to be asked only of persons who are at least 12 years old on the day of enumeration. The persons who are 12 years and older can be divided into two categories:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Those working, or not working but interested in work (Labour Force); and<br />b. Those neither interested nor available for work (not in Labour Force).</div><p>Those who are in the labour force can be further classified as below:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Working or work assured but not yet started work.<br />b. Not working:</div><div class="i2">i. Able to work and actively seeking work; and<br />ii. Able to and interested in work though not actively seeking work.</div><p>Those who are not in labour force will include the following categories of persons:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Mainly looking after own household duties (housewives/homemakers), not persons who<br />help with household chores or looking after children;<br />b. Full-time students;<br />c. Not able to work (disabled, too old, invalids);<br />d. Pensioners (only those solely living on pensions);<br />e. Persons living only on rental incomes, past savings, interest, inheritance gambling income, etc.; and<br />f. Others, who are neither interested nor available for work, such as beggars, vagrants, prisoners, etc.</div><span class="h3"> 5.6.1 Working For Pay or Profit </span></p>
<p>We define a person as working if he or she performed some work for pay or profit. Payment may be either in cash, in the form of goods or services or in any combination of these.
<br />Examples:</p>
<div class="i1">a. A person employed by someone on fixed monthly income or weekly or daily wages.<br />b. A person who is paid by an employer on the basis of piece work.<br />c. A person running his/her own business such as a marketeer, a hawker, a cobbler, a tinsmith, a bottle-store operator, a grocery/store owner, etc.<br />d. Two (or more) partners running a business.<br />e. A farmer who tills his/her own farm, with or without the help of other persons.<br />f. A farm labourer who is paid partly in cash and partly in terms of farm produce.<br />g. A person who works in a hotel and gets his wages partly in cash and partly in terms of board and lodging.<br />h. Some students manage to find a job during school holidays and might be working during the reference period. These should be classified as working.<br />Persons who had a job and would normally have worked for pay or profit or return in kind but were:<br />i. Prevented from working by temporary illness, bad weather, industrial dispute such as a strike or a lock-out, on suspension and; <br /><br /><span class="pg"> 48 </span><br /><br />j. All persons who had got a new job but had not yet reported for work, are to be classified as working.</div><p>A person will be classified as working if he/she did any work for pay, profit, or family gain any time during the preceding week for a period equal to at least one working day. By 'preceding week' we mean seven days immediately before the day of enumeration.
<br />For people in agricultural and allied operations the following activities will constitute work during the preceding week for a period equal to at least one working day:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Agriculture: Growing of crops, fruits and vegetables, and raising of poultry and livestock.<br />b. Fishing and hunting.<br />c. Forestry: Collecting or cutting wood, charcoal burning, gathering of honey and beeswax<br />from trees, gathering of mushrooms, caterpillars, etc. and collecting wild fruits, etc for sale.</div><p>Persons (housewives/homemakers) doing only household duties of looking after their own families are not to be regarded as working. Therefore, do not include housewives/homemakets who do not have paid employment or who do not work regularly in a family business or on a family farm as working. However, if a housewife/homemaker is having paid employment or works on a family farm or a family business, he/she is then to be regarded as working. Similarly, a housewife/homemaker who looks after another family and is paid for his, her work in cash or kind is to be regarded as working.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.2 Seasonality </span></p>
<p>There are instances when we find people engaged in seasonal work. Seasonal work refers to a seasonal activity such as tilling the land.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.3 Worked - paid non seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for a wage or salary, in cash or in kind. The work referred to in this category is not seasonal but done throughout the year.</p>
<p><span class="h3">5.6.4 Worked - unpaid non-seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who, during the reference period, performed non seasonal work, without a wage or salary.</p>
<p><span class="h3">5.6.5 Worked - paid seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who performed seasonal work for a wage or salary during the reference period.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.6 Worked - unpaid seasonal </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who performed seasonal work without a wage or salary.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.7 On Leave </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who had a job and would normally have worked for pay or profit or return in kind but were on paid or unpaid vacation or study leave.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.8 Unpaid Work On Household Holding Or Business. </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who worked without pay during the reference period on a household holding or business.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.9 Unemployed and Seeking Work </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who took steps to seek paid employment or self-employment during the reference period. This will include people who:</p>
<div class="i1">a. Registered at an employment exchange;<br />b. Went to possible employers to ask for a job;<br />c. Wrote a letter or applied for a job;<br />d. Asked friends, relatives, neighbours, etc. to help them find a job; and<br />e. Made any effort to start business e.g. opening a market stall or clearing a piece of land say for an agricultural activity.</div><span class="h3"> 5.6.10 Not Seeking Work But Available For Work </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who were not working but would like to have a job. These persons are not sure that there is any job available, or who imagine that they are over qualified, or who just say "Where can I get employment?"</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.11 Full Time Housewife/Homemaker </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons who are engaged in household duties in their own home; and not persons who help with household chores or looking after children.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.12 Full-Time Students </span></p>
<p>This refers to persons of either sex not classified as usually economically active who attended any regular educational institution, public or private. for systematic instruction at any level of education during the reference period. Also note that those who are on holiday at enumeration time but attend an educational institution regularly are to be recorded as full time students.</p>
<p><span class="h3"> 5.6.13 Not Available For Work For Other Reasons </span></p>
<p>This refers to people who were not seeking work and were not housewives or homemakers during the reference period. This includes those who are sick, disabled, retired and also those who may not want to work, beggars, prisoners, vagrants, gamblers, etc.</p>
<p><span class="em">P24: What Has Mainly Been Doing in the last 12 months?</span></p>
<p>Under this question the reference period is the last 12 months, thus, persons who will fall under these categories (i.e. worked paid non seasonal, worked unpaid non seasonal, worked paid seasonal, worked unpaid seasonal, on leave, unpaid work on a household holding or business and unemployed and seeking work) will be regarded as the "Usually Economically Active Population". The difference between P-23 and P-24 is the reference period.
<br />Since this reference period of 12 months will be vital in capturing persons in agricultural and allied operations, the following examples are important in pinpointing such persons:-</p>
<div class="i1">a. Did you undertake any regular agricultural work on your own or your family's farm during this agricultural season?<br />b. Did you work as a farm-hand during this agricultural season?<br />c. Were you engaged for pay, profit or family gain mainly in fishing, hunting, charcoal burning, wood cutting, gathering mushroom or caterpillars, collecting wild fruits, etc. since 1999?</div><p>All those who answer 'Yes' to any of these questions will be considered as working and therefore, you should shade appropriately in the questionnaire.</p>
<p>All respondents who answer 'No" to any of these questions, that is, those who were not working. are not supposed to have any Employment Status, Occupation or Industry. Therefore, you are supposed to skip to P - 28 (Marital Status).
Description
Definition
This variable indicates the person's main economic activity during the last twelve months.
Universe
Zambia 2000: Persons age 12+ [discrepancies: none]
concept
Concept
| var_concept.title | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |