AIDS Indicator Survey 2012-2013
Kenya, 2012 - 2013
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KEN_2012_AIS_v01_M
Title
AIDS Indicator Survey 2012-2013
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kenya | KEN |
Study type
Other Household Health Survey [hh/hea]
Series Information
The Government of Kenya conducted the second AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS 2012) among children and adults aged 18 months to 64 years to evaluate HIV care, treatment, and prevention programmes and to inform new strategies to respond to the HIV epidemic in Kenya.
Abstract
The AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) was conducted from October 2012 to February 2013 by the Government of Kenya. The KAIS 2012 was the second AIDS Indicator Survey conducted in Kenya. KAIS 2012 provides comprehensive information on trends in HIV infection, behaviors that place persons at risk for HIV infection, knowledge and a itudes around HIV/AIDS, and populationbased coverage of HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs to understand the status of the HIV epidemic and impact of the national HIV response. These data provide the information needed for advocacy and for evaluating and improving interventions for HIV prevention, treatment and care. The KAIS 2012 builds upon the previous population-based HIV estimates derived in the rst Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2007), allowing for comparisons of prevalence estimates and behavioural and programmatic indicators over time.
The study provided nationally-representative information about the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.It reached approximately 18,000 individuals from approximately 8,000 households. The North Eastern region was excluded due to regional security issues during the survey.
The study provided nationally-representative information about the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.It reached approximately 18,000 individuals from approximately 8,000 households. The North Eastern region was excluded due to regional security issues during the survey.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
- Individuals
- Individuals
Version
Version Description
Version 1.0: Cleaned validated data, it is the set that was used to generate basic tables for KAIS results
Version Date
2013-07
Version Notes
Data cleaning was conducted using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA). Laboratory data were cleaned and merged with the final questionnaire database using unique specimen barcodes and study identification numbers. It was the first version (1.0) of cleaned data used to produce tables for KAIS 2012 basic report.
Scope
Notes
The scope of the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012 includes:
Household: Household census, Parental survivorship,Household characteristics and possessions, Support for orphans and vulnerable children.
Adults Male/Female (15-64 years): Socio-demographic characteristics, Reproduction, fertility, and family planning, Male circumcision, Marriage and sexual history, Drug use, HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, HIV testing, Access to HIV prevention, care and treatment services, Tuberculosis and other health issues Blood safety and injection and Migration.
Children (10-14 years): Socio-demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions; Sexual activity (for children aged 12- 14 years only); HIV testing; Male circumcision Alcohol and drug use; Participation in HIV prevention interventions; HIV stigma.
Biologic testing: Venous and dried blood spot specimens collected to test for HIV (DBS), CD4 (venous blood), viral load (DBS), and future tests (DBS) at the NHRL, In home HIV and POC CD4 testing offered, Referral to treatment and care services for those found HIV positive through HBTC, HIV incidence testing.
Household: Household census, Parental survivorship,Household characteristics and possessions, Support for orphans and vulnerable children.
Adults Male/Female (15-64 years): Socio-demographic characteristics, Reproduction, fertility, and family planning, Male circumcision, Marriage and sexual history, Drug use, HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, HIV testing, Access to HIV prevention, care and treatment services, Tuberculosis and other health issues Blood safety and injection and Migration.
Children (10-14 years): Socio-demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions; Sexual activity (for children aged 12- 14 years only); HIV testing; Male circumcision Alcohol and drug use; Participation in HIV prevention interventions; HIV stigma.
Biologic testing: Venous and dried blood spot specimens collected to test for HIV (DBS), CD4 (venous blood), viral load (DBS), and future tests (DBS) at the NHRL, In home HIV and POC CD4 testing offered, Referral to treatment and care services for those found HIV positive through HBTC, HIV incidence testing.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National except the North Eastern region due to security reason
Universe
All members in selected Households, adult male/female (15-64 years), and children (10-14 years)
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, (KNBS) | Ministry of Devolution and Planning |
| National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP) | Ministry of Health |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief | US Government | Techincal Assistamnce |
| University of California San Francisco | Techincal Assistamnce in data processing | |
| The World Bank | Techincal Assistamnce |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief | PEPFAR | Funding |
| Joint United Nations Team on HIV and AIDS | JUNHA | Funding |
| The Global fund | JUNHA | Funding |
| World Bank | WB | Funding |
| Japanese International Co operation Agency | JICA | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) | Ministry of Devolution and Planning |
| U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | United Nations |
| Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) | Ministry of Health |
| United States Agency for International Development (USAID) | Us Government |
| Liverpool Voluntary Counselling and Testing (LVCT) |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
KAIS 2012 used the fifth National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP V) frame, which is a household-based sampling frame developed and maintained by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). The frame was implemented using a multi-tiered structure, in which a set of four independent samples (C1, C2, C3, C4) were developed. The samples are based on the list of enumeration areas (EAs) from the 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census. The frame is stratied according to county, and further into rural and urban residences. Each of these four independent samples is representative at county level and at national (i.e. urban/rural) level and contains 1,340 clusters within its sampling frame, for a total of 5360 clusters in full NASSEPV frame. All national surveys that utilize the NASSEP V frame are assigned one of the independent samples (C1, C2, C3, or C4) as the sampling frame from which the survey's sample is drawn.
In 2010 Kenya passed a new constitution in which a devolved system of government was adopted. In this devolved system, a total of 47 counties were created. Prior to the passage of the new constitution, Kenya was administratively divided into eight regions. In turn, each region was subdivided into district units, each district into divisions, each division into locations, and each location into sublocations. During the 2009 population and housing census, each sublocation was subdivided into census enumeration areas (EAs), i.e. small geographic units with clearly de ned boundaries. The primary sampling unit for the NASSEP V master sampling frame and for the KAIS 2012 is a cluster, which comprises one or more EAs, with an average of 100 households per cluster.
The survey used two-stage strati ed cluster sampling, where the rst stage selected the 372 KAIS clusters from NASSEP V's 5630 total clusters using equal probability selection method (EPSEM). The second stage randomly selected a uniform sample of 25 households in each cluster from a roster of households in the cluster using systematic random sampling method. Households that were eligible for the child sample (50% of the overall sample) were preselected during the sampling phase. During data collection, if a pre-selected household did not have an eligible child, the next preselected household was visited until all preselected households in the clusters with at least one eligible child were identified.
Household residents aged 18 months to 64 years who had been present at the survey-eligible household on the night before the survey were considered eligible to participate. Adults or children with cognitive or hearing disabilities that would prohibit them from eff ectively participating in the survey were excluded. Emancipated minors aged 17 years or younger were included in the survey. An emancipated minor was de ned as a person less than 18 years who as married, pregnant, or a parent.
The sample size was calculated to provide representative national, regional, urban and rural estimates of HIV infection among adults and adolescents aged 15 to 64 years and national HIV prevalence estimates for children aged 18 months to 14 years. The target sample size was 23,896 for women and men aged 15 to 64 years and 8,226 for children aged 18 months to14 years.
In 2010 Kenya passed a new constitution in which a devolved system of government was adopted. In this devolved system, a total of 47 counties were created. Prior to the passage of the new constitution, Kenya was administratively divided into eight regions. In turn, each region was subdivided into district units, each district into divisions, each division into locations, and each location into sublocations. During the 2009 population and housing census, each sublocation was subdivided into census enumeration areas (EAs), i.e. small geographic units with clearly de ned boundaries. The primary sampling unit for the NASSEP V master sampling frame and for the KAIS 2012 is a cluster, which comprises one or more EAs, with an average of 100 households per cluster.
The survey used two-stage strati ed cluster sampling, where the rst stage selected the 372 KAIS clusters from NASSEP V's 5630 total clusters using equal probability selection method (EPSEM). The second stage randomly selected a uniform sample of 25 households in each cluster from a roster of households in the cluster using systematic random sampling method. Households that were eligible for the child sample (50% of the overall sample) were preselected during the sampling phase. During data collection, if a pre-selected household did not have an eligible child, the next preselected household was visited until all preselected households in the clusters with at least one eligible child were identified.
Household residents aged 18 months to 64 years who had been present at the survey-eligible household on the night before the survey were considered eligible to participate. Adults or children with cognitive or hearing disabilities that would prohibit them from eff ectively participating in the survey were excluded. Emancipated minors aged 17 years or younger were included in the survey. An emancipated minor was de ned as a person less than 18 years who as married, pregnant, or a parent.
The sample size was calculated to provide representative national, regional, urban and rural estimates of HIV infection among adults and adolescents aged 15 to 64 years and national HIV prevalence estimates for children aged 18 months to 14 years. The target sample size was 23,896 for women and men aged 15 to 64 years and 8,226 for children aged 18 months to14 years.
Response Rate
Overall, participation rates in KAIS 2012 were high. Of the 9,300 sampled households, 9,189 (98.8%) were eligible for the survey, out of which 8,035 (87.4%) completed the household interview. Rural households had higher (89.3%) household-level interview response rates than urban households (84.7%). Of 16,383 eligible individuals aged 15-64 years and emancipated minors in these households, 13,720 (83.7%) completed individual interviews, and 11,626 (84.7%) provided a valid blood specimen. There were a total of 6,302 children aged 18 months to 14 years who were eligible for a blood draw, and of these 4,340 (68.9%) provided a valid blood specimen. There were a total of 2,094 children aged 10-14 years eligible for interview, and of these, 1,661 (79.3%) completed child interviews.
Of 16,383 eligible persons aged 15 to 64 years, 13,720 (83.7%) completed adult interviews. Response rates for adult interviews were higher among women (89.1%) compared to men (77.4%). A similar proportion of women and men provided blood specimens (85.3% vs. 83.8%, respectively) and urban residents were less likely to provide a blood specimen compared to rural residents (81.2% vs. 86.8%, respectively). There were a total of 6,302 children eligible for a blood draw. The blood response rate for all children aged 18 months to 14 years was 68.9%. There were 2,094 children aged 10 to 14 years eligible for an interview; of those, 79.3% completed interviews.
Of 16,383 eligible persons aged 15 to 64 years, 13,720 (83.7%) completed adult interviews. Response rates for adult interviews were higher among women (89.1%) compared to men (77.4%). A similar proportion of women and men provided blood specimens (85.3% vs. 83.8%, respectively) and urban residents were less likely to provide a blood specimen compared to rural residents (81.2% vs. 86.8%, respectively). There were a total of 6,302 children eligible for a blood draw. The blood response rate for all children aged 18 months to 14 years was 68.9%. There were 2,094 children aged 10 to 14 years eligible for an interview; of those, 79.3% completed interviews.
Weighting
The KAIS 2012 was not self-weighted and hence weighting was required to correct for unequal probability of selection and to adjust for non-response so that the estimates were representative of the Kenyan population. To allow for comparability of results between surveys, we used standard weighting procedures similar to the methods used in previous surveys conducted in Kenya (KDHS 2003, KAIS 2007, and KDHS 2008-09).
The design weights incorporated the probabilities of selection of the 5,360 clusters into the NASSEP V sample frame, probability selection of 1,340 clusters of C1, and the probabilities of selection of the 372 clusters into the KAIS sample from the NASSEP V clusters. Additional design weights were calculated for child sample which was half the size of adult sample. The probabilities of selection of clusters into NASSEP V were taken from the documentation of the NASSEP V master sample, which was available through KNBS.
Adult weights
For adults, design weights were adjusted for non-response at cluster, household, and individual level (both for the interview and the blood draw). Because the distribution of sex in the sample differed substantially from the distribution of sex in the referent population, non-response was adjusted separately for males and females. An adjustment factor was computed for each cluster for male and female weights based on the sample distribution and expected population within the NASCOP region. Ultimately, each cluster had three cluster-specific weights: household, individual interview and blood draw. All household members captured in the household questionnaire were assigned the same household weight. All individuals within a cluster who participated in the individual interview or blood draw were assigned the same cluster-specific weights for individual interview or blood draw.
Other weights
Separate weights were computed for the children’s interview and blood draw. However, the calculation of children weights was not stratified by sex because the distribution of sex in the child sample was similar to the distribution in the referent population. For the analysis of the couples dataset, couple weight were computed by factoring the number of eligible couples identified in the sample and number of couples who participated or tested for HIV in the survey.
The design weights incorporated the probabilities of selection of the 5,360 clusters into the NASSEP V sample frame, probability selection of 1,340 clusters of C1, and the probabilities of selection of the 372 clusters into the KAIS sample from the NASSEP V clusters. Additional design weights were calculated for child sample which was half the size of adult sample. The probabilities of selection of clusters into NASSEP V were taken from the documentation of the NASSEP V master sample, which was available through KNBS.
Adult weights
For adults, design weights were adjusted for non-response at cluster, household, and individual level (both for the interview and the blood draw). Because the distribution of sex in the sample differed substantially from the distribution of sex in the referent population, non-response was adjusted separately for males and females. An adjustment factor was computed for each cluster for male and female weights based on the sample distribution and expected population within the NASCOP region. Ultimately, each cluster had three cluster-specific weights: household, individual interview and blood draw. All household members captured in the household questionnaire were assigned the same household weight. All individuals within a cluster who participated in the individual interview or blood draw were assigned the same cluster-specific weights for individual interview or blood draw.
Other weights
Separate weights were computed for the children’s interview and blood draw. However, the calculation of children weights was not stratified by sex because the distribution of sex in the child sample was similar to the distribution in the referent population. For the analysis of the couples dataset, couple weight were computed by factoring the number of eligible couples identified in the sample and number of couples who participated or tested for HIV in the survey.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2012-11 | 2013-02 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Supervision
Data collection teams were regularly supervised by teams of national supervisors with representation from different KAIS 2012 collaborating institutions. These supervision teams visited the field teams across the country to deliver survey supplies, perform quality checks on data completeness, provide technology support, assess mobilization efforts, and help address challenges to data collection. Supervision reports were circulated to the KAIS 2012 technical working group for response to any issues.
Data Collection Notes
Data collection teams were regularly supervised by teams of national supervisors with representation from different KAIS 2012 collaborating institutions. These supervision teams visited the field teams across the country to deliver survey supplies, perform quality checks on data completeness, provide technology support, assess mobilization efforts, and help address challenges to data collection. Supervision reports were circulated to the KAIS 2012 technical working group for response to any issues.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics | KNBS | Ministry of Devolution and Planning |
| National AIDS and STI Control Programme | NASCOP | Ministry of Health |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The household questionnaire provided information on all eligible members within the household. The household questionnaire also collected data on the support of orphans and vulnerable children within the household, the physical and sanitary conditions of the home, household possessions and household food security. Adult questionnaires (male and female) to persons aged 15 to 64 years that collected information on demographic characteristics; reproductive and children's health; sexual behaviour; HIV-related knowledge and attitudes; HIV testing; injections and blood transfusions and donations; circumcision (for men); non-prescription drug use; and migration. Children aged 10 to 14 years were administered a questionnaire that collected information on demographic characteristics; knowledge about and attitudes toward HIV; sexual behaviour; HIV prevention, care, and treatment services; and alcohol and drug use.
Data were recorded on portable net book computers (Mirus Innovations, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada), using software specifically designed for the KAIS questionnaires.
The survey was conducted in various languages but the main ones were Swahili and English.
Data were recorded on portable net book computers (Mirus Innovations, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada), using software specifically designed for the KAIS questionnaires.
The survey was conducted in various languages but the main ones were Swahili and English.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data cleaning was conducted using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA). Laboratory data were cleaned and merged with the final questionnaire database using unique specimen barcodes and study identification numbers.
Other Processing
All field data collected were transmitted to a KAIS 2012 central server using a secure virtual private network and stored in Microsoft SQL Server 2008 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA). Where wireless networks were not available, supervisors uploaded the data manually on secure data cards during regular supervision visits.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | Kenya National Bureau of Statistics | directorgeneral@knbs.or.ke | www.knbs.or.ke |
Confidentiality
Data shall be used for statistical purposes only and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations or any other purpose. No attempt shall be made to produce links among datasets provided by KNBS, or among data from the KNBS and other datasets with a view to identifying individuals or organizations.
Access conditions
a. Data and other materials provided by KNBS shall not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without written authority from the Director General.
b. Data shall be used for statistical purposes only and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations or any other purpose.
c. No attempt shall be made to produce links among datasets provided by KNBS, or among data from the KNBS and other datasets with a view to identifying individuals or organizations.
d. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the KNBS Data Archive will cite the source of data.
e. Requests for micro-data shall be serviced upon completion of and submission of the Application Form for Microdata.
b. Data shall be used for statistical purposes only and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations or any other purpose.
c. No attempt shall be made to produce links among datasets provided by KNBS, or among data from the KNBS and other datasets with a view to identifying individuals or organizations.
d. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the KNBS Data Archive will cite the source of data.
e. Requests for micro-data shall be serviced upon completion of and submission of the Application Form for Microdata.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example,
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Devolution and Planning; National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health. Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) 2012, Ref. KEN_2012_AIS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
The data users shall acknowledge that any available intellectual property rights, including copyright in the data are owned by the KNBS. The data user or client is encouraged to provide KNBS with a copy of such report, paper or article.
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example,
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Devolution and Planning; National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health. Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) 2012, Ref. KEN_2012_AIS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
The data users shall acknowledge that any available intellectual property rights, including copyright in the data are owned by the KNBS. The data user or client is encouraged to provide KNBS with a copy of such report, paper or article.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | KNBS | directorgeneral@knbs.or.ke | www.knbs.or.ke |
Location of Data Collection
Kenya NADA
Archive where study is originally stored
Kenya NADA
http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/82
Cost: None
http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/82
Cost: None
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
In no event shall KNBS become liable to users of its data, or any other party, for any loss or damages, consequential or otherwise, including but not limited to time, money, or goodwill, arising from the use, operation or modification of the data. In using these data, users further agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless KNBS for any and all liability of any nature arising out of or resulting from the lack of accuracy or correctness of the data, or the use of the data.
Copyright
(c) 2013, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_KEN_2012_AIS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS | KNBS | MINISTRY OF DEVOLUTION AND PLANNING | Documentation of the study |
Date of Metadata Production
2014-05-15
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (May,2014), it is the intial documentation of the study
Version 02 (August 2016). Edited version based on Version 01 DDI (DDI-KEN-KNBS-KAIS-2014-V01) that was done by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.
Version 02 (August 2016). Edited version based on Version 01 DDI (DDI-KEN-KNBS-KAIS-2014-V01) that was done by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.