Identification
Survey ID Number
RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_M
Title
Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Study type
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Series Information
The Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) 2015, was the fourth survey conducted in Rwanda. The previous ones took place in 2006, 2009 and 2012. The results of the survey confirm the findings of the EICV 4 and DHS 2014, namely that since 2006, Rwanda has taken great strides in terms of reducing poverty and malnutrition.
Although stunting rates decreased during the past three years, it also confirms that food access, food consumption and chronic malnutrition are issues that still need to be tackled and that they go hand in hand with poverty.
Although stunting rates decreased during the past three years, it also confirms that food access, food consumption and chronic malnutrition are issues that still need to be tackled and that they go hand in hand with poverty.
Abstract
Rwanda has seen continued economic growth coupled with progress in social development in a number of areas, and is among the countries that have reached most of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). Food security and nutrition are recognized as important for the overall development of the country and have been highlighted among the long-term foundational issues in the national Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS2).
The Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015 (CFSVA) was carried out to measure the extent and depth of food and nutrition insecurity in Rwanda. To analyze trends over time and to integrate the findings with those from the recent Third Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV 3) and Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2014 (DHS). The overall objective of the content of the CFSVA 2015 addressed the following main questions:
1. Who are the people currently facing food insecurities and malnutrition?
2. How many are they?
3. Where do they live?
4. Why are there food insecurities or malnourished people/children?
5. How can food assistance and other interventions make a difference in reducing food insecurity, malnutrition and support livelihoods?
The survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), it covered the whole of Rwanda, all 30 districts, urban and rural. Due to delays in funding, the data collection period was extended to April-May 2016, instead of March 2016 as previously done.
The Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015 (CFSVA) was carried out to measure the extent and depth of food and nutrition insecurity in Rwanda. To analyze trends over time and to integrate the findings with those from the recent Third Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV 3) and Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2014 (DHS). The overall objective of the content of the CFSVA 2015 addressed the following main questions:
1. Who are the people currently facing food insecurities and malnutrition?
2. How many are they?
3. Where do they live?
4. Why are there food insecurities or malnourished people/children?
5. How can food assistance and other interventions make a difference in reducing food insecurity, malnutrition and support livelihoods?
The survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), it covered the whole of Rwanda, all 30 districts, urban and rural. Due to delays in funding, the data collection period was extended to April-May 2016, instead of March 2016 as previously done.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
- Communities
- Communities
Version
Version Description
v01, edited anonymous dataset for public distribution
Version Date
2016-03-01
Scope
Notes
The Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2015 covered the following topics:
VILLAGE INFORMATION
- Community infrastructure
- Market information
- Agricultural crop calendar
- Shocks and received assistance
HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION
- Household demographic characteristics
- Housing and facilities
- Assets and access to credit
- Agriculture
- Livelihoods
- Expenditures
- Food consumption and sources
- Shocks, coping strategies and assistance
WOMEN INFORMATION
- Women (15-49 years old)
- Pregnancy
- Health
- Hygiene and food consumption
CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE INFORMATION
- Breastfeeding
- Health and supplements
- Infant and young child feeding practices (6 - 24) months
VILLAGE INFORMATION
- Community infrastructure
- Market information
- Agricultural crop calendar
- Shocks and received assistance
HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION
- Household demographic characteristics
- Housing and facilities
- Assets and access to credit
- Agriculture
- Livelihoods
- Expenditures
- Food consumption and sources
- Shocks, coping strategies and assistance
WOMEN INFORMATION
- Women (15-49 years old)
- Pregnancy
- Health
- Hygiene and food consumption
CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE INFORMATION
- Breastfeeding
- Health and supplements
- Infant and young child feeding practices (6 - 24) months
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resource | Government of Rwanda | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Department for International Development | DFID | |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation | SDC | |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resource | MINAGRI | |
| World Food Programme | WFP | Financial and Technical assistance |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tarik Kubach | European Union | Technical assistance |
| Gaetan Heri | Food and Agriculture Organization | Technical assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Rwanda is administratively divided into four provinces (Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province and Western Province) plus Kigali City and a total of 30 districts. Districts are further divided in sectors and cells. To facilitate comparison with existing studies, the CFSVA 2015 was designed to provide statistically representative and precise information at the district level. In addition, it was decided to include both urban and rural households and not to exclude the capital province Kigali.
The sampling frame was organized according to the 30 districts. Subsequently, a two-stage cluster sample procedure was applied. In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability to be selected proportional to the population size.
In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage.
The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview or not agree to participate.
Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in one of the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus, ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
The sample size was not designed to produce precise estimates for malnutrition prevalence at district level. The primary goal of collecting the nutrition data was to analyze the link between food security and nutrition. Also, information from key informants was collected through a structured questionnaire but the sample was not designed to be statistically representative for villages in Rwanda; the information from the community questionnaire was therefore used for contextual information only.
The sampling frame was organized according to the 30 districts. Subsequently, a two-stage cluster sample procedure was applied. In the first stage, 25 villages per district were randomly selected with probability to be selected proportional to the population size.
In the second stage, ten households in each of the 25 villages in the 30 provinces were selected for participation in the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was chosen for this stage.
The team leader, together with the village head, listed all households in the village. Based on this list, a systematic random sample was utilized to pick ten households to be interviewed and three reserve households should any of the first ten households be missing at the time of the interview or not agree to participate.
Households were eligible for participation in the assessment if living in one of the selected villages at the time of the interviews. Thus, ten households, from 25 villages, from 30 provinces were chosen to participate in the survey, amounting up to 7,500 households.
The sample size was not designed to produce precise estimates for malnutrition prevalence at district level. The primary goal of collecting the nutrition data was to analyze the link between food security and nutrition. Also, information from key informants was collected through a structured questionnaire but the sample was not designed to be statistically representative for villages in Rwanda; the information from the community questionnaire was therefore used for contextual information only.
Weighting
Taking into consideration the two-stage cluster sampling methodology described above, adjustment weights were computed to provide results representative at country level. The household probability of being selected in the sample is equal to the product of a household's probability of being selected in a village by the probability of the village of being sampled.
The inverse of this probability is the design weight. The design weight was adjusted for the expected and actual number of households in the surveyed villages and was used in the complex sample calculations. The design weight was divided by the product of the total number of households in the population divided by the number of sampled households. The resulting weight was used in all non-complex sample analyses.
The inverse of this probability is the design weight. The design weight was adjusted for the expected and actual number of households in the surveyed villages and was used in the complex sample calculations. The design weight was divided by the product of the total number of households in the population divided by the number of sampled households. The resulting weight was used in all non-complex sample analyses.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2015-04 | 2015-05 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Steps taken to ensure that the results accurately represent the food security and nutrition situation in Rwanda were:
Training of enumerators, careful translation of the questionnaires and close supervision of the data collection process. The enumerators were also trained to facilitate interviewee recall and to collect accurate anthropometric data.
Respondents were informed that participation was voluntary, no benefit would be affected by their decision to participate or not participate and that the interview was anonymous. During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms. National supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner.
Training of enumerators, careful translation of the questionnaires and close supervision of the data collection process. The enumerators were also trained to facilitate interviewee recall and to collect accurate anthropometric data.
Respondents were informed that participation was voluntary, no benefit would be affected by their decision to participate or not participate and that the interview was anonymous. During data collection, team leaders recorded number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and the determination of reasons for non-response and facilitate the linking of the food security and nutrition questionnaires.
A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms. National supervisors ensured that the study was conducted in a standardized manner.
Data Collection Notes
Survey preparation: The survey protocol was cleared by the National Ethics Committee, and a visa request was approved by the National Institute of Statistics.
Selection of enumerators and team leaders: Survey team members all had previous experience in similar food security and nutrition surveys. The training included 20-30% more personnel than finally recruited for the actual data collection, this allowed the coordination team to select the best enumerators based on their performance during the training. Also reserve enumerators could be called upon if any selected enumerators defaulted. The training consisted of 6 full days of classroom instruction and practice and 1 day of pre-testing of all survey procedures. The assessment managers ensured that all enumerators were fully aware of the enrolment and consent process as well as of inclusion and exclusion criteria for households.
During data collection: For each selected village, Team leaders recorded the following information, 1) number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and
the determination of reasons for non-response. A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
Selection of enumerators and team leaders: Survey team members all had previous experience in similar food security and nutrition surveys. The training included 20-30% more personnel than finally recruited for the actual data collection, this allowed the coordination team to select the best enumerators based on their performance during the training. Also reserve enumerators could be called upon if any selected enumerators defaulted. The training consisted of 6 full days of classroom instruction and practice and 1 day of pre-testing of all survey procedures. The assessment managers ensured that all enumerators were fully aware of the enrolment and consent process as well as of inclusion and exclusion criteria for households.
During data collection: For each selected village, Team leaders recorded the following information, 1) number of households in the village, reasons (if any) for skipping the households, contact details of village authorities and number of women/children measured in each household. These data will allow calculation of response rates and
the determination of reasons for non-response. A mobile phone communication system was put in place between each team leader, survey supervisor and the survey coordination team. Tips and revised procedures were communicated immediately to all survey teams by sms.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
| World Food Programme | WFP | United Nations |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resource | MINAGRI | Government of Rwanda |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Three sets of questionnaires were used in the survey:
1. Village Questionnaire:
Key informants were gathered in a group and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The participants normally consisted of village leaders, members of local government, teachers, health workers and farmers.
2. Household Questionnaire:
Information was gathered through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit.
3. Women and Child Questionnaire:
A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old). Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. For children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices was included.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda.
1. Village Questionnaire:
Key informants were gathered in a group and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The participants normally consisted of village leaders, members of local government, teachers, health workers and farmers.
2. Household Questionnaire:
Information was gathered through household questionnaires that included sections on demographics, housing and facilities, assets and access to credit.
3. Women and Child Questionnaire:
A questionnaire was administered to women of reproductive age (15-49 years old). Questions asked regarding children under 5 years covered the topics of breastfeeding, health and supplements. For children between 6 and 24 months a section on infant and young child feeding practices was included.
The questionnaires were developed in English and administered in Kinyarwanda.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data was downloaded directly from the PDA to an access database and exported to SPSS for analysis. Data cleaning consisted of examining frequency distributions for all variables in order to detect those values which were not logical or possible.
Each participating household, child, and woman had a unique identification number made up of the cluster number and household number and, for individuals, an individual number. For some variables, specifically anthropometric z-scores, standard criteria were applied to delete z-scores which were judged to be impossible and most likely due to error in measurement.
Each participating household, child, and woman had a unique identification number made up of the cluster number and household number and, for individuals, an individual number. For some variables, specifically anthropometric z-scores, standard criteria were applied to delete z-scores which were judged to be impossible and most likely due to error in measurement.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | info@statistics.gov.rw | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Portals Management Officer | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | rwanda.nada@statistics.gov.rw | www.statistics.gov.rw |
| World Food Programme | Food Security Analysis | wfp.vaminfo@wfp.org |
Access conditions
These are public use files, accessible to all. The data provided by the survey will be useful not only for national and international stakeholders directly engaged in the fight against food insecurity but also for public administration, private sector, civil society, researchers and other experts and institutions interested in the issue.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example:
World Food Programme, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) 2015, Ref. RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
Example:
World Food Programme, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) 2015, Ref. RWA_2015_CFSVA_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.