Data from the 1988 Vietnamese Demographic and Health Survey and the 1990 Vietnam Study of Accessibility of Contraceptives were used in this analysis to determine how selected individual and community characteristics influenced the use of modern methods of contraception in Vietnam. Although there were no significant differences in the use of contraceptives between women with a primary eduction and those with a higher educational attainment, the illiterate women with no formal education were significantly less likely to use modern methods of contraception. Women living in provinces with high infant mortality rates were significantly less likely to use modern methods of contraception than women in low-infant-mortality provinces. Independent of other individual and community characteristics, there were no significant differences in the use of contraception between urban and rural women.