Formal education has been seen as an instrument tool through which the social, political and economic expectations of a given country are met (Sheffield, 1963).The study was focused on determinants of boy-child participation and retention in public secondary schools in Kisumu East. The study was based on literature review of studies and reports by different scholars and the review affirmed that certain issues affecting the boy child have relationship with historical antecedent of the environment. Most of the issues under this study have been in existence since in memorial. The study evidently depicts that a boy-child has been sidelined and there are no clear policies in school on gender issues and no much attention is given to a boy-child that has contributed to his vulnerability in terms of education. The researcher in her finding revealed that the problems identified in the study arose from the regions high expectations and attitude towards a boy child. It is the submission of this paper that the authorities at all levels of government begin to collaborate with schools, other stakeholders and private sector with the normal citizens to create a political will, make essential policy reforms, significantly address the issue of boy child vulnerability and address them equitably.