This paper focuses on examining the key factors that affect poor households in the Central Highlands by using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods to analyze the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) in 2008 panel dataset. In the 597 surveyed households in the Central Highlands, we selected 95 poor households to make research group. The empirical findings indicate that income per capita of poor households has been affected by many factors in which the strongest impact is from education level, size of households and marital status. Furthermore, the empirical study shows that most poor households in this research are ethnic minorities with large scale, low level of education and occupational skills.