The purpose of this paper is to analyze the structural transition of the income inequality in Vietnam, based on the regression-based inequality decomposition approach and the VHLSS household datasets. The estimation results suggest that the components of the educational attainment, engagement of agricultural production, and the income disparity across the states have relatively large effects on income inequality. In addition to that, we found that the effects of each component differ between the poorest region (the North-West region), and the richest region (the South-East region).