The close relationship between ecosystem and nutrition of people is a well-established fact. The influence of ecosystem can be best visualised in the food articles, specially in tribal areas. The magnitude of malnutrition among the tribals of India has increased the need for a systematic understanding and planning to combat this problem and for conservation of the ecosystem. Covers tribals, from all parts of India reflect on the physio-socio-economic and demographic aspects of tribals, changing ecosystem and dietary pattern, food system and nutrient intake, deficiency diseases and strategy for nutrition planning and ecosystem conservation.