This thesis is a critical comparative study of the governance frameworks for resource revenues in the Ghanaian mineral and petroleum sectors. It examines the law and legal institutions of both sectors with regard to transparency and accountability in the management of resource rents. In particular it argues that the experiences of the petroleum sector governance regime can be used to reform the mining sector. The thesis further argues that the availability of legal mechanisms which ensure that citizens have timely and accurate information on the resources exploited and the utilization of rents is essential to good resource management. It concludes that while the petroleum sector may offer the mining sector ideas about how to reform its revenue governance system, if the reform is to be effective it needs to be carried out holistically, consistent with the mining context.