The decrease in life expectancy in the former Soviet Union, and in particular in the Baltic States, during the last decade of the 20th century has been well documented, not only in terms of mortality levels and trends for all causes of death, but also by medical cause of death: see for instance Meslé and Hertrich (1999) and for the previous decade Zvidrins and Krumins (1993). Numerous studies have also considered the possible determinants of these changes, i.e. the causes of the causes of death. On the other hand, fewer studies have considered the health and morbidity of the populations concerned during this period of significant political, economic, and social changes. A comprehensive overview of the studies dealing with the three Baltic countries for the period considered in this article is given in Stankuniene, Jasilionis, and Krumins (1999). As Monden (2005) and Vågerö (2010) among others have pointed out, the reforms carried out after independence in the Baltic States have had a profound effect on most aspects of life: labour market, pension system, health care system, child support, economic growth, etc… These dramatic changes have also had an impact on mortality and on health (Stankuniene et al. 1999; Carlson 2004; Helasoja et al. 2006).