This study was carried out in Bulamogi, Uganda, with the main objective of determining preferred 2rewood species, their harvesting and consumption patterns. Data collected through household and key-informants interviews, using open- and close-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, showed that 48 plant species in 36 genera and 20 families are used as 2rewood. These plants have other uses as herbal medicines and in traditional cultural rites. There is almost total dependence on 2rewood for domestic cooking and small-scale industries. Firewood is used to 2re bricks (55%), distil spirits (26%), cure 2sh (10%), cook food in restaurants (6%) and to produce charcoal (3%). Firewood for domestic use is collected mainly by women, and largely comprises of dead wood. The distances travelled to 2rewood collection areas are short and little time is spent. The harvesting of 2rewood for domestic use may have a lower direct impact on the native 8ora, than the harvesting of fuelwood for commercial use by small-scale industries and to make charcoal, which requires large amounts of wood that is often green. According to the community response, 2rewood is abundant but declining. This decline may be related to increasing demands generated by the growing human population of Bulamogi, and growing national need for charcoal. Cultural taboos that have hitherto played an important role in plant conservation appear to be weakening. There is limited trading of 2rewood in the community