The study examines the relationship between fertility and infant and child mortality in Egypt, Sudan Kenya, and Lesotho using multivariate analysis in order to exclude the interrelationships between different variables introduced in the study and for having the pure effect of each variable on fertility behavior and fertility norms. Data analyzed come from the Lesotho Fertility Survey of 1977, the Kenya Fertility Survey of 1977-1978, the Sudan Fertility Survey of 1979, and the Egyptian Fertility Survey of 1980. To identify the rank of the effect of child mortality on lifetime fertility, some other important factors such as duration of marriage, wife's educational level, wife's work status, husband's occupation, place of residence, and religion are introduced. The results demonstrate that, if duration of marriage is excluded, the effect of child mortality on lifetime fertility has the 1st rank in Egypt, Sudan, and Lesotho, while it has the 3rd rank in Kenya. The substitute effect of child mortality was lower than the unity in all countries under study except among Egyptian women having only 1 child ever born alive. Women who lost 100% of children ever born had a higher average number of children ever born of 1.6 in Egypt, .9 in Lesotho, .5 in Kenya, and .4 in Sudan, as compared with the average number of children ever born among women who did not suffer from child loss. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that the highest effect of child mortality on lifetime fertility is shown in Egypt and the lowest in Sudan and Kenya while that of Lesotho came in between. - See more at: http://www.popline.org/node/363817#sthash.OVYZwXEX.dpuf