This paper examines population patterns in Cross River State against the backdrop of 1991 and 2006 censuses and the socio-economic implications for the development of the State. It is predicated on the apriori that the population phenomenon has had profound impact on the socio-economic development of society. The paper identifies and discusses some demographic features, which have implications for urbanization, education, youth dependency, and the provision of infrastructures. The issues discussed have wider applicability for Nigeria and its constituent subregions. We have suggested, among other things, better grasp of the population and development relationship and the need for clear and articulate population policies, which aim at slowing down the growth rate of the population through proper harnessing of the vital processes.