As one form of population mobility, daily commuting represents very complex phenomenon of the spatial separation of the place of work and the place of residence of the part of employed population. The paper deals with changes in scope, directions and structure of commuting flows in Serbia, as well as the interdependence of commuting with other demographic and socio-economic development processes. The comparison was made between the basic characteristics of commuting in Serbia and Slovenia and their catchment areas of employment attraction. The differences in methodology used in the census questionnaires referring to commuters in the last population censuses of Serbia and Slovenia in year 2002 were also discussed.