Inequality of Opportunity for Educational Achievement in Latin America: Evidence from PISA 2006-2009

Type Working Paper - ECINEQ WP 2011 – 206
Title Inequality of Opportunity for Educational Achievement in Latin America: Evidence from PISA 2006-2009
Author(s)
Issue 2011 – 206
Publication (Day/Month/Year) 2012
URL http://www.ecineq.org/milano/wp/ecineq2011-206.pdf
Abstract
We assess inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in six Latin American countries, employing two waves of PISA data (2006 and 2009). By means of a nonparametric approach using a decomposable inequality index, GE(0), we rank countries according to their degree of inequality of opportunity. We work with alternative characterizations of types: school type (public or private), gender, parental education, and combinations of those variables. We calculate ?incremental contributions? of each set of circumstances to inequality. We provide rankings of countries based on unconditional inequalities (using conventional indices) and on conditional inequalities (EOp indices), and the two sets of rankings do not always coincide. Inequality of opportunities ranges from less than 1% to up to 27%, with substantial heterogeneity according to the year, the country, the subject and the specification of circumstances. Robustness checks based on bootstrap and the use of an alternative index confirm most of the initial results.

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