Objective: To determine the distribution of mortality in 1 – 59 month-old children across Iranian provinces in a national mortality surveillance
system.
Methods: This national survey was conducted in 2009. A questionnaire was designed and standardized for collecting mortality data of
children aged 1 – 59 months. The project team, consisting of collaborators from the whole 40 medical universities, ¿lled in the questionnaires
and returned them to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME).
Results: The mortality in 1 – 59 month-old children was unequally distributed across provinces. The mortality was higher among children
of less- educated mothers than in children of more- educated mothers. There was a reverse association between 1 – 59 months mortality
and socioeconomic status across Iran as a whole and within most provinces.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that socioeconomic distribution in mortality of 1 – 59 month-old children favors the better-off in Iran
as a whole and in most of its provinces. Investigating why mortality is higher in some provinces deserves special attention. Furthermore,
it is advisable to conduct provincially-representative surveys to provide update estimates of different health situations and to allow their
monitoring over time.