This thesis focuses on children who have lost both parents and are currently living on
their own as child headed households (CHHs) in a rural community in Zimbabwe.
Children heading households and taking care of siblings is a very “un-childlike”
behaviour yet these are growing phenomena. Through an exploration of how CHHs are
constituted and evolve the thesis aims to examine whether local constructions of
childhood are being (re) conceptualised as a result of Zimbabwe’s escalating HIV/AIDS
crisis. In particular it examines whether the socialisation of children within ‘child only’
units is leading to social transformation and/or whether children are in some way
attempting to mimic ‘normal’ family/gender relations. It also looks at CHH’s
interactions with adults and explores how these affect survival strategies, socialisation
and conceptualisations of childhood.
This thesis draws on an intensive ethnographic research project with five CHHs and their
siblings in a rural community in Zimbabwe. Participant observation, narratives, drama,
essays, focus groups, conversations and participatory techniques were employed to gain
an in-depth insight into household evolution, the socialisation of family members, gender
roles and survival strategies.
The thesis shows that while children living in CHHs are vulnerable, they exhibited
considerable competence and capabilities to sustain themselves. However, state and nongovernmental
organisations’ definition of childhood and orphanhood on the other hand,
and cultural and local understanding of childhood and orphanhood produce new
conceptual struggles of childhood that impacts negatively on the CHHs’ integration into
society and their capacity to function fully