Deaths from war and postwar aftermath can be evaluated by breaking the problem down into two primary categories: expected versus excess deaths. The latter category consists of five subcategories: deaths from direct war effects to 1) the military and 2) civilians, deaths from postwar violence to 3) the military and 4) civilians, and 5) postwar deaths from health effects caused by destruction to a country's infrastructure. This paper demonstrates the methods used to estimate the number and age and sex distribution of fatalities for each of the categories by using available data on the Iraqi population and from the 1991 Persian Gulf war.