This paper examines critically the controversy surrounding the recently concluded population census
in Nigeria which came up between March 21 and 25, 2006. While population census is a deliberate
attempt to enumerate people within a delimited territory at a specific time so as to determine their
number, their contribution over the land area and their basic socio-demographic and economic
characteristics, many of such exercises have been juggled especially in Nigeria. Many infallible proofs
for several scores of years have been showing that census taking in Nigeria has been surrounded by
deliberate falsehood with the intents and purposes to derive one benefit or the other from the
government. The paper argues that the Nigeria’s 2006 population census was no way different from the
past falsified ones in Nigeria. The paper concludes that for an accurate population census in Nigeria,
population census should not be used for allocation of governmental benefits