This paper outlines the linkages between population pressure and common property resources
availability in Tanzania. It examines on whether population pressure has an influence on diminishing
common property resources at the local level and establishes the coping mechanisms of the local
communities in response to new circumstances and changing environment. In the course of discussion, an
attempt has been made to assess the extent to which population pressure have influenced availability of
common property resources at the local level; and identify policy implications and alternatives strategies
to cope with diminishing common property resources. Further analysis have been made of the extent to
which poverty alleviation strategies at the local level influence non-sustainable use and degradation of
common property resources. These issues require a closer examination of the circumstances under which
population; development and environment linkages manifest themselves. Whereas the population has
shown a continuous increase, there is less information about the rate at which the common property
resources are diminishing in response to changing demographic conditions. Similarly, the impacts of
various poverty alleviation strategies on diminish common property resources at the local level are not
well documented. Small and large-scale mining operations in Mabuki and Maganzo villages has been
used as an example to illustrate the transformation in the way local communities use and manage common
property resources. The identified long-term implications of the various practices to include increased
environmental degradation; accelerated food insecurity, increased poverty, diminishing common property
resources, increased land use conflicts, and creation of a landless class at the village level. These
implications require policy commitment and support to enable sustainable utilization of common property
resources.