The article considers the issues of training of workers at Russian enterprises on the basis of official statistics and the data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). The authors present the descriptive statistics that characterize the coverage of employees by education, its volume, compliance with the profession of the employee and sources of funding over the last ten years. On the basis of econometric analysis there was estimated the probability of training and its return depending on the characteristics of the worker (gender, age, level of education, work experience), characteristics of the organization (ownership, size, type of economic activity) and characteristics of the training program (compliance of the program with the existing profession of the employee, sources of funding). Based on the analysis of econometric models, the authors conclude that the coverage of workers' education is uneven, and the return on internal training is significantly differentiated by types of economic activity. Low returns on education allow authors to suggest that the decisions about personnel training are based on the requirements of the Russian legislation, but not the needs of the personnel competence development in order to meet the organization’s objectives.