Labor Market Opportunities and Sex Specific Investment in Children's Human Capital: Evidence from Mexico

Type Working Paper
Title Labor Market Opportunities and Sex Specific Investment in Children's Human Capital: Evidence from Mexico
Author(s)
Publication (Day/Month/Year) 2012
URL http://conference.iza.org/conference_files/worldb2012/majlesi_k8186.pdf
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of changes in labor market opportunities for women on the bargaining power of women within households and, ultimately, on investment in children’s human capital. I show that a positive demand shock for female labor in a woman’s age category increases her bargaining power, and this raises investment in the health of girls relative to that of boys within the household. To identify this effect, I exploit the geographic heterogeneity in demand for younger versus older female labor within the Mexican export manufacturing sector and its differential changes across municipalities between 2002 and 2005. I find that a 1 percent increase in labor demand for older (mostly married) women, caused by a demand shock to the export manufacturing sector, raises the share of decisions made by the wife in a household by 1.3 percent and the chance of a daughter being in good health by 1.1 percent.

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