The Alleviation of Vitamin A Deficiency in Ghana: An Application of Multivariate Probit Model

Type Thesis or Dissertation - Master of Science
Title The Alleviation of Vitamin A Deficiency in Ghana: An Application of Multivariate Probit Model
Author(s)
Publication (Day/Month/Year) 2015
URL https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/wang_shu_201508_ms.pdf
Abstract
Ghana is a less developed country in African with excellent growing potential. However,
malnutrition is severe in this country due to specific dietary style and economic status. Food
fortification programs with divergent standards have been established to fight deficiencies of
specific nutrients since 1996 in Ghana. As a result, vegetable oil and wheat flour are selected as
food vehicles for vitamin A, folic acid, niacin, iron and zinc. This study focuses on the intake of
vitamin A from fortified foods or foods that could be fortified using a survey conducted in three
major cities in Ghana, i.e. Accra, Tamale, and Takoradi. The study examines factors determining
the potential intake by distinguishing among consumption frequencies i.e., daily, weekly, and
monthly, of five staples through the application of the multivariate probit model. The results
suggest that per capita income, geographic location, employment status, education, and market
access are of importance in determining the consumption frequency. The results also reveal that
the existing food source of vitamin A from the program is insufficient for Ghanaian women to
reach WHO daily standard. However, fortifying maize flour will largely alleviate the inadequate
vitamin A intake issue

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