Rates of return to education, as traditionally calculated, only account for labor market earnings. It is thought, however, that education may increase people's life expectancy. This paper tests this hypothesis in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa. Using data from the General Population Cohort of the Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, it shows that over the last decade there has been a substantial evolution in the HIV prevalence/education gradient among the population in rural Uganda surveyed. Early in the epidemic, in 1990, there was no robust relation between HIV/AIDS and education. In 2000, after more than a decade of information efforts about the dangers of the epidemic, for individuals who started their sexual life after the start of the prevention campaigns, the higher the education level, the lower the risk of being HIV positive. This result is new in Africa, as previous studies of the HIV/education relation have generally concluded that there was either a positive or no association between HIV infection and schooling levels. I estimate that more educated individuals have reacted much stronger to the arrival of the information about the epidemic than individuals with less education. Results on HIV incidence in a duration framework confirm this finding. The analysis of sexual behaviors reinforces it: in particular, condom use is associated positively with schooling levels. This suggests that there might be substantial additional, non labor-market, returns to schooling associated with the effect of education on health. I find that the effect of education in reducing HIV/AIDS infection adds between 0.5 and 3.5 percentage points to the standard estimates of the returns to schooling