The fish farming was introduced in Burundi in about 1950s. Actually, several fish ponds were abandoned and many others
were still unproductive. This study aims to present current state and perspectives of the fish farming for its real contribution to the
socio-economic development. The results presented are compilation of physical and chemical parameters series measured in fish
ponds and inquiries led in 2010-2014 to the fish farmers in seven provinces (40% of the total area of the country). Weak values of
some physical and chemical parameters showed that the majority of ponds are badly maintained. Thus, the dissolved oxygen values
varied between 0.2 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L. The high relinquishment rate of the fish farming (between 40% and 67% according to the
provinces) could be explained by many constraints: no centers of fish farming breeding for various fish species and no production
center of complete foods with local sub-products. About 75% of fish famers confirmed that they have never benefited framing in fish
farming. In spite of the diverse constraints, Burundi has a dense rivers system with favorable physical and chemical parameters and
many appropriate sites for the fish farming. Thus, the main suggestions concern the sector reorganization.