The socioeconomic determinants of cumulative and recent fertility are investigated with micro data from Jamaica, a middle-income country with low rates of infant mortality and total fertility. Infant mortality has a significant nonlinear influence on fertility, peaking at a mortality rate of 0.46. Both education and income have strong negative effects on births but the impact of education is larger; for rural women the birth elasticities are -0.15 and -0.45 for income and education, respectively. Finally, the transmission of the education effect appears to be through raising the value of time of the woman rather than changing preferences.