The consumption of meat from wild animals (or bushmeat) occurs throughout Africa and highlights the con-
flict between two distinct development goals: food security and biodiversity conservation. Growing human
populations throughout the greater Serengeti ecosystem rely heavily on bushmeat as a source of protein,
which places pressure on migratory wildlife populations. This paper uses unique data from protein consumption
surveys from 131 households over 34 months in a generalizable empirical framework to estimate price,
cross-price, and expenditure elasticities of protein sources, and analyze the potential economic effects of policies
to mitigate bushmeat hunting and consumption. Results suggest that: (1) directly increasing the price of
bushmeat through enforcement or other policies to reduce supply will have the most direct and largest effect
of bushmeat consumption; (2) increasing income increases bushmeat consumption as well as consumption
of other meat sources; (3) if surrounding fisheries experience a negative shock, or collapse, this will lead
to a dramatic increase in bushmeat consumption. Overall, these results strongly indicate that policies to reduce
bushmeat hunting while maintaining food security must be considered in a broad and comprehensive
framework.