This study is a historical investigation of the role of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in
Namibia (ELCIN) regarding social development with special attention to education as an
agency of social change. ELCIN is the largest Lutheran church in Namibia, which was born
out of the Finnish missionary activities after their arrival in the former Ovamboland in 1870.
The Finnish missionaries became the first missionaries to do mission work in Ovamboland.
This qualifies them to be regarded as pioneers of social development and of the
transformation of society through education among the Ovambo people.
ELCIN’s humble beginnings started as a mission field and developed into mission
congregations; thereafter as a mission church and finally as independent church in 1954.
The study shows that since its inception ELCIN has been committed to serve her members
holistically (spiritually and socially). The focus of this study is to contribute to the
understanding of the role ELCIN played to bring about development through education. The
study therefore attempts to answer questions regarding the role the Finnish missionaries
played in education and should be understood within the broader context of the history of
ELCIN, for example, what arrangements were made and what developments took place
during the indigenization process.  Further, the study points out the educational challenges
ELCIN encountered during the time of social development through education. In answering
these questions, the study demonstrates how ELCIN played a decisive role in social
development in Ovamboland, especially by way of education and training. The study refers
to both informal (Christian) and formal (general or inclusive secular) education and the role
each of these forms of education played in social change. The study also reflects on the
engagement between ELCIN and the context resulting from the South African mandate in
Namibia (then South West Africa). Finally, it is recommended that, in light of the positive
contribution made by ELCIN to the social development of its members and communities by
way of education in the past, it should continue this role in an independent Namibia. This
could be done by way of intensifying Christian education among its members in order to
educate and inspire people to remain faithful to their Christian values. In this way, ELCIN will
continue to play a meaningful role in the life of communities and their members.