The study establishes a linkage between ethnic and caste diversity, poverty, and development
in Nepal. It highlights the need for a longer time frame and a greater social investment to understand
the social complexities of communities, and that ultra poor men and women from all ethnic groups
and castes do experience multiple disadvantages and need support to enable them to participate
effectively in the development process. It argues that the State has to deal firmly with discriminatory
practices through legal and educational means.