Survey ID Number
UGA_2000_DHS_v01_M
Title
Demographic and Health Survey 2000-2001
Sampling Procedure
The sample was drawn through a two-stage design. The first-stage sample frame for this survey is the list of enumeration areas (EAs) compiled from the 1991 Population Census. In this frame, the EAs are grouped by parish within a subcounty, by subcounty within a county, and by county within a district. A total of 298 EAs (102 in urban areas and 196 in rural areas) were selected. Urban areas and districts included in the Delivery of Improved Services for Health (DISH) project and the Community Reproductive Health Project (CREHP) were oversampled in order to produce estimates for these segments of the population.
Within each selected EA, a complete household listing was done to provide the basis for the second-stage sampling. The number of households to be selected in each sampled EA was allocated proportionally to the number of households in the EA.
It was not possible to cover all districts in the country because of security problems in a few areas. The survey was hence limited to 41 out of the then 45 districts in the country,1 excluding the districts of Kasese and Bundibugyo in the Western Region and Gulu and Kitgum in the Northern Region. These districts cover approximately 5 percent of the total population.
The sample for the 2000-2001 UDHS was aimed at providing reliable estimates of important indicators for the population of Uganda at the national level (less the excluded districts), for urban and rural areas, and for each of the four regions in Uganda defined as:
- Central: Kalangala, Kampala, Kiboga, Luwero, Masaka, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Sembabule, Nakasongola, and Rakai
- Eastern: Bugiri, Busia, Iganga, Jinja, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Katakwi, Kumi, Mbale, Pallisa, Soroti, and Tororo
- Northern: Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Kotido, Lira, Moyo, Moroto, and Nebbi
- Western: Bushenyi, Hoima, Kabale, Kabarole, Kibaale, Kisoro, Masindi, Mbarara, Ntungamo, and Rukungiri.
The sample was also designed to generate estimates of contraceptive prevalence rates for the districts in the DISH project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and districts in the CREHP project. These districts are grouped in six subdomains, namely, the following:
- Group I: Mbarara and Ntungamo
- Group II: Masaka, Rakai, and Sembabule
- Group III: Luwero, Masindi, and Nakasongola
- Group IV: Jinja and Kamuli
- Group V: Kampala
CREHP districts:
DISH districts: Kabale, Kisoro, and Rukungiri.
In each group, a minimum of 500 completed interviews with women was targeted to allow for separate estimates. Consequently, data for Kampala District can be presented separately because it has more than the specified minimum number of completed interviews.
The 2000-2001 UDHS covered the same EAs as were covered by the 1995 UDHS. However, a new list of households within the EA was compiled and the sample households were not necessarily the same as those selected in 1995. In the case of the CREHP districts (Kabale, Kisoro and Rukungiri), five extra EAs were selected to generate a sample size sufficient to allow independent estimates. Because the 1995 and 2000-2001 UDHS did not cover the same geographical areas, the two surveys are not exactly comparable.
Details of the UDHS sample design are provided in Appendix A and estimations of sampling errors are included in Appendix B of the Final report.
Questionnaires
Three questionnaires were used for the 2000-2001 UDHS, namely, a) the Household Questionnaire, b) the Women's Questionnaire, and c) the Men's Questionnaire. The contents of these questionnaires were based on the MEASURE DHS+ Model “B” Questionnaire, which was developed for use in countries with a low level of contraceptive use. In consultation with technical institutions and local organisations, UBOS modified these questionnaires to reflect relevant issues in population, family planning, and other health issues in Uganda. The revised questionnaires were translated from English into six major languages, namely, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara, Luo, Runyankole/Rukiga, and Runyoro/Rutoro.
The questionnaires were pretested prior to their finalisation. The pretest training took place from June 14 to July 8, 2000. For this exercise, seven women and seven men were trained to be interviewers, forming seven teams of one woman and one man each. Each team was assigned to test the questionnaires in one of the seven language groups (including English) into which the questionnaires had been translated. Three nurses were recruited to participate in the anemia testing exercise as health technicians. The pretest fieldwork was conducted during a one-week period (July 10-16, 2000).
a) The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors in selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, and ownership of various durable goods. It also included questions that were designed to assess the extent of child labour and that were used to record the height and weight and the hemoglobin level of women 15-49 and children under the age of five. In households selected for the male survey, the hemoglobin level of men eligible for the individual interview was also recorded.
b) The Women's Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on topics related to their background, childbearing experience and preferences, marriage and sexual activity, employment, maternal and child care, and awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Information necessary for the calculation of adult mortality including maternal mortality was also included in the Women's Questionnaire.
c) The Men's Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-54 living in every third household in the UDHS sample. The Men's Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the Women's Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history, maternal and child health, nutrition, and maternal mortality.
The decision to include vitamin A testing was made rather late in the survey design process. As a result, ORC Macro and UBOS staff organized a special pretest of the vitamin A testing procedures shortly before the main training for the survey. Although there were some concerns about response rates, the pretest indicated that it was feasible to incorporate vitamin A testing into the UDHS. Therefore, ORC Macro staff and UBOS staff and consultants proceeded to develop a special set of training materials for the vitamin A testing.