The The International Security Assistance Force (henceforth, ISAF) operation in Afghanistan has revealed many facets of gender in military operations. Afghanistan is witnessing the greatest cooperation to date on gender issues among military forces, affecting every aspect of operations: Security, Governance and Development. In this chapter we briefly describe the state and progress of each of these aspects, including current efforts to improve them. We detail the achievements and successes in a number of areas, whilst also looking at problems and challenges for the future.