The purpose of this study is "to estimate the levels and differentials in child mortality by all provinces [of Indonesia] and place of residence (urban-rural) based on the 1980 Population Census. Trends in child mortality are also investigated using data from the 1971 Population Census, 1976 SUPAS II [part of the Intercensal Population Survey] (only for the provinces in Java), and the 1980 Population Census." The paper is primarily descriptive, although suggestions are made concerning the causes of the differentials observed.