The era of HIV in Uganda has impacted every sector of society, especially the health system.
Nurses are commonly the only health professionals available at rural health facilities, working
with heavy workloads in difficult circumstances. This study examined how rural nurses cared for
people living with HIV and AIDS, explored challenges to care, experiences of stress and coping
strategies. Using a focused ethnography, the study took place from September 2010 to February
2011 and included 5 focus groups and 14 interviews with nurses in Kabarole District, Uganda.
Structural challenges included staffing and drug shortages and social challenges included stigma,
poverty and gender inequality, which prevented nursing care for patients with HIV and AIDS.
Nurses felt demoralized and helpless, and relied on teamwork and faith to cope with their
workload. Suggestions for policy interventions include improved staffing, using a mix of
incentives and increased policy involvement to improve the nursing situation.