The indigenist crusade in the Tarahumara region. This essay examines the four main issues concerning political relations between the Mexican government and the indigenous peoples (Tarahumara, Tepehuán, Pima and Warojío) from the Chihuahua Sierra in the 20th century. It deals with a polemical view in regards to the possibilities of sociocultural and ethnic change, a permanent renewal of the ideal of indigenous commonality, a claim to overcome the traditional struggle between the Indians and mestizos and a set of ideologies and experiments as far as development is concerned.