This undergraduate research thesis examines the socioeconomic impact of hydroelectric dams on developing communities through a case study of the Macal River Valley in Belize, Central America and the Chalillo Dam. By analyzing the sample population, as well as comparing demographics within the sample population, I determine the socioeconomic impact of hydroelectric dams on the communities of the Macal River and factors influencing levels of impact on the local people. I employed a questionnaire with a likert response scale as my research tool, which resulted in quantitative data. By statistically examining the quantitative data, I determine the overall impact of the dam, as well as variables that influence impact including: urban versus rural location, and occupation based on industry sector. This socioeconomic impact analysis of a large infrastructure development project provides insight into the relationship between a water body, the local people, and the local economy; it determines the portion of the population that benefits and the portion of the population that suffers the cost.