The Saraiki, one of the ethnic groups in Pakistan is based
on lingual identity. In Pakistan, most of the ethnic groups
have their primordial basis and language is an important
identity marker. The Saraiki ethnic group also distinguishes
itself on the basis of Saraiki language. According to the
1998 Punjab Population Census Report, overall Saraiki
speakers constitute 17.4 percent of the Punjab. In rural
areas 21.4 percent and in urban areas 8.4 percent people
speak Saraiki language (Census Report, 1999, p. 32).
Despite the fact that Saraikis have strong regional base,
they are not recognized as a distinct ethnic identity. They
have rich land resources, even -then the area has remained
under developed and people are continuously deprived of
various services. It is the most unfortunate fact that
sometimes state shows reluctance to recognize specific
ethno-lingual identities. This denial becomes a natural cause
for ethno-national unrest. At present, apart from Baloch and
Mohajirs, Saraikis are also raising voice for their recognition
as distinct identity and their due share. The present study
will highlight the development of Saraiki political
consciousness, nature of the issue, and genesis of conflict
with state.