In recent years, the issue of the nexus of climate change and human
migration has attracted a growing amount of interest among scholars and policy
makers. Using individual-level data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey
conducted in 2008–2009, we examine the roles played by droughts or floods, crop
diseases, and severe water shortages in inter-district migration in Tanzania. Findings
reveal that droughts or floods and crop diseases are associated with an overall
decrease in the likelihood of inter-district mobility, providing support for the
‘‘environmental scarcity’’ hypothesis. Yet migration becomes a likely response to
droughts and floods among individuals with no education suggesting mobility is a
key livelihood strategy among those most disadvantaged. Future examination of
domestic migration-environment processes at the individual-level is critical for
informed policy and programs.