Child Mortality and Undernutrition are the two major public health problems in the developing world. An associated phenomenon is gender discrimination against the female child. South Asia, in particular, suffers from worst forms of gender discrimination against daughters in access to health care and nutrition. This dissertation explores these two issues in Pakistan and empirically investigates the determinants of gender differentials in mortality and undernutrition. Recently developed Bayesian structured additive models are estimated using two micro datasets from Pakistan.