Rwanda has recently experienced impressive success in family planning, leading to less unmet need
and a lower fertility rate. Despite this achievement, unmet need remains a demographic and health
issue. Because the interval between births has a strong effect on infant and maternal morbidity and
mortality and because long intervals lead to a further fertility decline, this study seeks to identify the
barriers to the use of contraceptives by women who want to space births. The study uses a pooled
dataset from the 2005 and 2010 RDHS which enables an assessment of changes in both demand for
and use of family planning. In order to take into account the latent demand in the analysis of unmet
need, we applied the Heckman probit model that simultaneously estimates two probit equations: one
for demand, another for unmet need. The results show that the demand to postpone the next birth is
correlated with desired family size, the health status of the index child and the experience of infant
mortality. Socio-economic factors have a limited role in the demand for spacing. The level of unmet
need has dramatically declined between 2005 and 2010, especially among women with less education
and cultivators. Bio-demographic factors, such as being in amenorrhea, and cultural factors, especially
religious attitudes, still hamper the use of contraception. The strong commitment of the government to
reproductive health may have been the main factor in increasing the uptake of contraception. To
further increase contraceptive prevalence, continued advocacy is needed.