Migration study has a long historical development with various forms of movement due
to the expanding of diverse purposes of mobility. Before 1945, migration took place because of
climate changes, trading or the aims to conquer new lands. In the periods of 1945-1973, the trend
of migration was from developing to developed countries, predominant with economic
motivation. Due to the rapid expansion of Western economies1 after WWII, large numbers of
laborers were recruited from developing countries, including guest workers and colonial workers.
Besides, permanent and refugee migrations, the returns of former colonist, asylum seeker
movements were mass mobility in this period. These types of migration were male dominated.
After 1973, the volume of female migrants increased because family reunion, permanent
settlement and the demand for domestic workers became prevailing. In specific, from 1970s, the
trend of family reunion continues to increase; the opportunity to get permanent residential status
of foreign immigrants granted by Western countries2 is not only limited to men; the repatriation
of many male laborers after the oil-shock (1973), which forced women to migrate for work to
support the family. In addition, the increased demand for female laborers in service sectors/light
industries both in developed and New Industrial Countries attracted many women from
developing countries migrate for work (Casltes & Miller, 2003; Oishi, 2005).