Labour Market Outcomes in Bangladesh: The Role of Poverty and Gender Norms

Type Journal Article - The European Journal of Development Research
Title Labour Market Outcomes in Bangladesh: The Role of Poverty and Gender Norms
Author(s)
Volume 23
Issue 3
Publication (Day/Month/Year) 2011
Page numbers 459-487
URL http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.834.9761&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Abstract
It is frequently argued that female participation in the labour market is important for
economic growth and poverty reduction. Despite this, the role that extreme poverty and gender
norms play in influencing such participation is far from fully understood. This article uses nationally
representative household data to address this issue using data for Bangladesh. In line with prior –
largely qualitative – work, we find that extreme poverty is indeed important in explaining some of
the growth in female employment in Bangladesh; we find evidence of a positive relationship between
extreme poverty and participation, especially for women. In addition, we find that among young
single women there appears to be a growing acceptance of their employment in the labour market.
Despite this, rigid social and cultural norms are still apparent among other groups of women,
especially in the rural areas.
On affirme souvent que la participation des femmes au marche´ du travail joue un roˆle important
pour la croissance e´conomique et la re´duction de la pauvrete´. Pourtant, l0
influence de la pauvrete´
extreˆme et des normes de genre sur cette participation est loin d0
eˆtre parfaitement comprise. Cet
article tente d0
apporter des e´le´ments de re´ponse a` cette question en s0
appuyant sur des donne´es
repre´sentatives sur les me´nages du Bangladesh. Tout comme les travaux, essentiellement qualitatifs,
effectue´s pre´ce´demment, nous constatons que la pauvrete´ extreˆme est un facteur important
expliquant une partie de la croissance de l0
emploi des femmes au Bangladesh; Nous de´montrons
que l0
extreˆme pauvrete´ est positivement corre´le´e avec cette participation, particulie`rement pour
les femmes. En outre, nous constatons que les jeunes femmes ce´libataires semblent de plus en plus
nombreuses a` accepter leur propre participation au marche´ du travail. Cependant, des normes
sociales et culturelles rigides continuent de re´gir les autres cate´gories de femmes, notamment en
milieu rural.

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