The structural complementarity, in time and space, of private cultivated resources and public or common uncultivated resources is an important characteristic of Indian agrarian systems. The contribution of natural resources and uncultivated lands for the food security of rural populations and for the economic viability of a vast majority of agricultural farms should be taken into consideration for understanding the present and future stakes in Indian agriculture. Recent rehabilitation, actually and figuratively, of the social, juridical and technical engineering capacities of local population, i.e., ethno-sciences, in resources management appears to favour the emergence of a “post-modern” vision for resource management, by empowering communities, with a shift in the power balance by readjusting the global vision conveyed by the State.