DDI_WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
2010-11-14
NADA
Version 01 (September 2010)
Air Pollution in World Cities 2000
PM10 Concentrations
APWC 2000
WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
Kiran D. Pandey, David R. Wheeler, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk E. Hamilton, Bart Ostro and Katie Bolt
NADA
Development Research Group
Macroeconomics - Indicators
Polluted air is a major health hazard in developing countries. Improvements in pollution monitoring and statistical techniques during the last several decades have steadily enhanced the ability to measure the health effects of air pollution. Current methods can detect significant increases in the incidence of cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases, coughing, bronchitis, and lung cancer, as well as premature deaths from these diseases resulting from elevated concentrations of ambient Particulate Matter (Holgate 1999).
Scarce public resources have limited the monitoring of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations in developing countries, despite their large potential health effects. As a result, policymakers in many developing countries remain uncertain about the exposure of their residents to PM air pollution. The Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS) is an attempt to bridge this information gap through an econometrically estimated model for predicting PM levels in world cities (Pandey et al. forthcoming).
The estimation model is based on the latest available monitored PM pollution data from the World Health Organization, supplemented by data from other reliable sources. The current model can be used to estimate PM levels in urban residential areas and non-residential pollution hotspots. The results of the model are used to project annual average ambient PM concentrations for residential and non-residential areas in 3,226 world cities with populations larger than 100,000, as well as national capitals.
The study finds wide, systematic variations in ambient PM concentrations, both across world cities and over time. PM concentrations have risen at a slower rate than total emissions. Overall emission levels have been rising, especially for poorer countries, at nearly 6 percent per year. PM concentrations have not increased by as much, due to improvements in technology and structural shifts in the world economy. Additionally, within-country variations in PM levels can diverge greatly (by a factor of 5 in some cases), because of the direct and indirect effects of geo-climatic factors.
The primary determinants of PM concentrations are the scale and composition of economic activity, population, the energy mix, the strength of local pollution regulation, and geographic and atmospheric conditions that affect pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere.
Afghanistan
Angola
Albania
Andorra
Netherlands Antilles
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Bhutan
Central African Republic
Canada
Switzerland
Chile
China
Cameroon
Congo, Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Comoros
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cyprus
Germany
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
Fiji
France
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Hong Kong SAR, China
Honduras
Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
India
Ireland
Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Cambodia
St. Kitts and Nevis
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Lao PDR
Liberia
St. Lucia
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Lithuania
Latvia
Macao SAR, China
Morocco
Moldova
Madagascar
Maldives
Mexico
North Macedonia
Mali
Myanmar
Montenegro
Mongolia
Mozambique
Mauritania
Malawi
Malaysia
Namibia
New Caledonia
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
New Zealand
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Puerto Rico
Portugal
Paraguay
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
Somalia
Serbia
Sao Tome and Principe
Suriname
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Eswatini
Syrian Arab Republic
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkiye
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Venezuela, RB
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Vietnam
Vanuatu
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Yugoslavia Fed. Rep.
The database covers the following countries:
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Observation data/ratings [obs]
The dataset includes the followings:
- Urban population
- PM10 concentration level
Other [oth]
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Kiran Dev Pandey et al. Air Pollution in World Cities (APWC) 2000. Ref. WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
AP_city
Air Pollution Data by City
Urban population weighted average PM10 concentrations (micro grams per cubic meter) in residential areas of cities larger than 100,000
3226
6
AP_country
Air Pollution Data by Country
Urban population weighted average PM10 concentrations (micro grams per cubic meter) in residential areas of cities larger than 100,000
180
4
Country code
Country code
Country code
Country code
Country code
180
AFG
AGO
ALB
AND
ANT
ARE
ARG
ARM
ATG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BDI
BEL
BEN
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BHS
BIH
BLR
BLZ
BOL
BRA
BRB
BRN
BTN
CAF
CAN
CHE
CHL
CHN
CIV
CMR
COG
COL
COM
CRI
CUB
CYM
CYP
CZE
DEU
DMA
DNK
DOM
DZA
ECU
EGY
ERI
ESP
EST
ETH
FIN
FJI
FRA
FRO
GAB
GBR
GEO
GHA
GIN
GMB
GNB
GRC
GRD
GTM
GUY
HKG
HND
HRV
HTI
HUN
IDN
IND
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JAM
JOR
JPN
KAZ
KEN
KGZ
KHM
KNA
KOR
KWT
LAO
LBN
LBR
LCA
LIE
LKA
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MAC
MAR
MDA
MDG
MDV
MEX
MKD
MLI
MMR
MNG
MOZ
MRT
MWI
MYS
NAM
NCL
NER
NGA
NIC
NLD
NOR
NPL
NZL
OMN
PAK
PAN
PER
PHL
PNG
POL
PRI
PRK
PRT
PRY
QAT
ROM
RUS
RWA
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLB
SLE
SLV
SOM
STP
SUR
SVK
SVN
SWE
SWZ
SYR
TCD
TGO
THA
TJK
TKM
TTO
TUN
TUR
TZA
UGA
UKR
URY
USA
UZB
VCT
VEN
VIR
VNM
VUT
YEM
YUG
ZAF
ZAR
ZMB
ZWE
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
180
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Urban population, 2000
Urban population, 2000
Urban population, 2000
Urban population, 2000
Urban population, 2000
180
2641
421633654
11000924.122
38633818.81
Urban population consists of all residents living in cities
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
180
8
246
56.244
38.808
Urban population weighted average PM10 concentrations (micro grams per cubic meter) in residential areas of cities larger than 100,000.
Country code
Country code
Country code
Country code
Country code
3226
AFG
AGO
ALB
AND
ANT
ARE
ARG
ARM
ATG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BDI
BEL
BEN
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BHS
BIH
BLR
BLZ
BOL
BRA
BRB
BRN
BTN
CAF
CAN
CHE
CHL
CHN
CIV
CMR
COG
COL
COM
CRI
CUB
CYM
CYP
CZE
DEU
DMA
DNK
DOM
DZA
ECU
EGY
ERI
ESP
EST
ETH
FIN
FJI
FRA
FRO
GAB
GBR
GEO
GHA
GIN
GMB
GNB
GRC
GRD
GTM
GUY
HKG
HND
HRV
HTI
HUN
IDN
IND
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JAM
JOR
JPN
KAZ
KEN
KGZ
KHM
KNA
KOR
KWT
LAO
LBN
LBR
LCA
LIE
LKA
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MAC
MAR
MDA
MDG
MDV
MEX
MKD
MLI
MMR
MNG
MOZ
MRT
MWI
MYS
NAM
NCL
NER
NGA
NIC
NLD
NOR
NPL
NZL
OMN
PAK
PAN
PER
PHL
PNG
POL
PRI
PRK
PRT
PRY
QAT
ROM
RUS
RWA
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLB
SLE
SLV
SOM
STP
SUR
SVK
SVN
SWE
SWZ
SYR
TCD
TGO
THA
TJK
TKM
TTO
TUN
TUR
TZA
UGA
UKR
URY
USA
UZB
VCT
VEN
VIR
VNM
VUT
YEM
YUG
ZAF
ZAR
ZMB
ZWE
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
3226
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
China, Hong Kong SAR
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
TFYR Macedonia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Republic of Tanzania
United States Virgin Islands
United States of America
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
City code
City code
City code
City code
City code
3226
40001
8940007
4242011.53
2556960.976
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
Country name
3226
City population, 2000
City population, 2000
City population, 2000
City population, 2000
City population, 2000
3226
2641
20951320
613814.757
1248557.658
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
PM10 concentration level, 1999
3226
6
359
51.036
38.12
Urban population weighted average PM10 concentrations (micro grams per cubic meter) in residential areas of cities larger than 100,000.