Afrobarometer Survey 1 1999-2000_merged_12 Country
DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v02_M
DataFirst
Development Data Group
2021-02-18
Metadata Editor
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21)
This version is identical to DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (February 2021). The study metadata has been adopted from same study published on DataFirst website.
AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M
Afrobarometer Survey 1999-2000
Merged Round 1 Data (12 Countries)
AFR-MR1 1999-00
Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA)
Michigan State University (MSU)
Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)
The African Development Bank
Michigan State University
The National Science Foundation, US
The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)
Metadata Editor
For general inquiries
For general inquiries
For data
Manager, DataFirst
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania).
Version 01: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution
Round 1 merged dataset, it comprises of survey datasets from 12 countries.
conflict, security and peace [4.1]
domestic political issues [4.2]
government, political systems and organisations [4.4]
mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6]
political ideology [4.7]
business/industrial management and organisation [2.2]
mass media [7.4]
social exclusion [12.9]
cultural activities and participation [13.2]
cultural and national identity [13.3]
religion and values [13.5]
social behaviour and attitudes [13.6]
social change [13.7]
social conditions and indicators [13.8]
The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics.
The 12 country datasetis a combined dataset for the 12 African countries surveyed during round 1 of the survey, conducted between 1999-2000 (Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Mali, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), plus data from the old Southern African Democracy Barometer, and similar surveys done in West and East Africa.
Botswana
Ghana
Lesotho
Mali
Malawi
Namibia
Nigeria
Tanzania
Uganda
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
The Round 1 Afrobarometer surveys have national coverage for the following countries: Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Individuals
The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.
What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics:
• Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives.
• Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery.
• Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money?
• Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management.
• Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions?
• Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence?
• Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation.
• National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist?
Afrobarometer team
Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:
• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling;
• sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.
The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.
Sample size and design
Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.
The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.
Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.
Sample stages
Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:
Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country.
Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU).
Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points.
Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households.
Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.
To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.
Data weights
For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size.
Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found at https://afrobarometer.org/surveys-and-methods/sampling-principles
Face-to-face [f2f]
Because Afrobarometer Round 1 emerged out of several different survey research efforts, survey instruments were not standardized across all countries, there are a number of features of the questionnaires that should be noted, as follows:
• In most cases, the data set only includes those questions/variables that were asked in nine or more countries. Complete Round 1 data sets for each individual country have already been released, and are available from ICPSR or from the Afrobarometer website at www.afrobarometer.org.
• In the seven countries that originally formed the Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - a standardized questionnaire was used, so question wording and response categories are the generally the same for all of these countries. The questionnaires in Mali and Tanzania were also essentially identical (in the original English version). Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria each had distinct questionnaires.
• This merged dataset combines, into a single variable, responses from across these different countries where either identical or very similar questions were used, or where conceptually equivalent questions can be found in at least nine of the different countries. For each variable, the exact question text from each of the countries or groups of countries ("SAB" refers to the Southern Africa Barometer countries) is listed.
• Response options also varied on some questions, and where applicable, these differences are also noted.
Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns.
Interviews are conducted in the following languages:
Benin:
French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh
Botswana:
English, Setswana
Cape Verde:
Creole, Portuguese
Ghana:
English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani
Kenya:
English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana
Lesotho:
English, Sesotho
Madagascar:
Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra
Malawi:
English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka
Mali:
Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl
Mozambique:
Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe
Namibia:
English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo
Nigeria:
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw
Senegal:
French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer
South Africa:
Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu
Tanzania:
Kiswahili
Uganda:
English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara
Zambia:
English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi
Zimbabwe:
English, Chishona, Sindebele
Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns.
Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics.
Afrobarometer data are protected by copyright. Authors of any published work based on Afrobarometer data or papers are required to acknowledge the source, including, where applicable, citations to data sets posted on this website. Please acknowledge the copyright holders in all publications resulting from its use by means of bibliographic citation in this form:
Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org.
Public use files, available to all
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
merged_r1_data.sav
21531
144
.sav
Afrobarometer round 1 survey merged data. The data covered 12 African countries.
Reference number
21531
1
21531
Respondent number
21531
Country
21531
1
12
1
Botswana
1200
2
Ghana
2004
3
Lesotho
1177
4
Malawi
1208
5
Mali
2089
6
Namibia
1183
7
Nigeria
3603
8
South Africa
2200
9
Tanzania
2198
10
Uganda
2271
11
Zambia
1198
12
Zimbabwe
1200
Identity
21531
0
99
0
Don't know/can't explain
276
1
Language/Tribe/Ethnic
5146
2
Race
798
3
Region
235
4
Religion
3162
5
Occupation
5315
6
Class
2222
7
Gender
428
8
Individual/personal
325
9
Other
349
10
Won't differentiate
461
11
Pro-Movement
6
12
Traditional Leader
15
13
Party Affiliation
59
14
Age-related response
66
15
Continental
230
98
Refused to answer
56
99
Missing
2382
suppdemo/Support for democracy
21531
1
99
1
Democracy is preferable to any other form of government
15062
2
To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of government
2743
3
In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be pr
2368
4
Don't know
876
97
Not applicable
329
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing
149
prevsyst/Previous System
21531
0
99
0
0
4696
0.5
1
1
1
1456
2
2
1356
3
3
1219
3.5
1
4
4
1604
4.5
1
5
5
806
6
6
794
6.5
1
7
7
632
7.5
1
8
8
756
9
9
374
9.5
1
10
10
1480
96
Don't Know
32
98
Refused to Answer
55
99
Missing Data
6265
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
21531
0
99
0
0
969
1
1
415
2
2
524
3
3
693
4
4
1700
4.5
1
5
5
940
6
6
1494
7
7
1574
7.5
3
8
8
2195
9
9
1224
9.5
1
10
10
3563
96
Don't know
34
98
Refused to Answer
58
99
Missing Data
6143
futsyst/Future system
21531
0
99
0
0
1515
0.5
2
1
1
425
2
2
474
3
3
571
4
4
1153
4.5
1
5
5
662
6
6
904
7
7
968
8
8
1406
9
9
1438
10
10
5172
96
Don't know
168
98
Refused to Answer
165
99
Missing Data
6507
oneprule/One political party
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
9496
2
Disapprove/Disagree
5662
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
642
4
Approve/Agree
2411
5
Strongly approve/Agree
2415
6
Don't know
844
98
Refused
24
99
Missing data
37
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
7322
2
Disapprove/Disagree
5033
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
888
4
Approve/Agree
2299
5
Strongly approve/Agree
1578
6
Don't know
741
98
Refused
13
99
Missing data
3657
milirule/Army come in
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
13337
2
Disapprove/Disagree
4481
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
577
4
Approve/Agree
1396
5
Strongly approve/Agree
993
6
Don't know
663
98
Refused
11
99
Missing data
73
presdeci/President could decide everything?
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
11441
2
Disapprove/Disagree
5765
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
674
4
Approve/Agree
1652
5
Strongly approve/agree
1224
6
Don't know
646
98
Refused
18
99
Missing data
111
exptrule/Government by experts
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
4216
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3669
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
1026
4
Approve/Agree
5517
5
Strongly approve/Agree
5575
6
Don't know
1461
98
Refused
11
99
Missing data
56
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
21531
0
99
0
Not a democracy
1884
1
Major problems, but still a democracy
5284
2
Minor problems, but still a democracy
5808
3
Full democracy/completely democratic
4505
4
yes, this country is a democracy
1397
9
Don't know/Don't understand question
1428
97
Not applicable
1166
98
refused to answer
6
99
Missing data
53
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
21531
0
99
0
This country is not a democracy
436
1
Very dissatisfied
2647
2
Somewhat dissatisfied
3416
3
Neutral
262
4
Somewhat satisfied
8541
5
Very satisfied
4438
9
Don't know
1082
97
Not applicable
616
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing data
89
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
3130
2
A, Somewhat
1627
3
B, Somewhat
3046
4
B, Strongly
8633
5
Do not agree with either
330
9
Don't know
425
98
Refused to answer
6
99
Missing data
4334
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
21531
1
99
1
Strongly agree
4212
2
Agree
4223
3
Neither agree nor disagree
961
4
Disagree
2130
5
Strongly disagree
1585
6
Don't know
498
98
Refused
5
99
Missing data
7917
donews/Shut newspapers
21531
0
99
0
Do nothing
6935
1
Do something
9887
6
This is not possible in this country
1
8
Support the government
1217
9
Don't Know
1021
98
Refused to answer
11
99
Missing data
2459
dojudges/Dismiss judges
21531
0
99
0
Do nothing
7097
1
Do something
9081
6
This is not possible in this country
0
8
Support the government
1748
9
Don't Know
1148
98
Refused to answer
9
99
Missing data
2448
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
21531
0
99
0
Do nothing
6788
1
Do something
9980
6
This is not possible in this country
1
8
Support the government
1131
9
Don't Know
1178
98
Refused to answer
12
99
Missing data
2441
markpric/Market pricing?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
8037
2
A, Somewhat
4034
3
B, Somewhat
2376
4
B, Strongly
5114
5
Do not agree with either
1467
9
Don't know
461
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
42
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
21531
1
99
1
Free : Agree strongly
4401
2
Free medicine better : Agree somewhat
2432
3
Improved: Agree somewhat
3515
4
Improved health better: Agree strongly
10155
5
Do not agree with either
751
9
Don't know
239
98
Refused
0
99
Missing data
38
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
8438
2
A, Somewhat
4306
3
B, Somewhat
2717
4
B, Strongly
4238
5
Do not agree with either
1076
9
Don't know
713
98
Refused to answer
1
99
Missing data
42
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
8969
2
A, Somewhat
3538
3
B, Somewhat
2527
4
B, Strongly
5013
5
Do not agree with either
497
9
Don't know
918
98
Refused to answer
1
99
Missing data
68
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
21531
0
99
0
No
10421
1
Yes
7287
3
Don't Know
239
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
3584
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2232
2
A, Somewhat
1460
3
B, Somewhat
1550
4
B, Strongly
6017
5
Do Not Agree with Either
309
9
Don't know
439
97
Not Applicable
3673
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
5851
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/ A lot worse
2206
2
Unsatisfied/Worse
1754
3
Neutral/No effect
996
4
Satisfied/Better
1281
5
Very satisfied/ A lot better
388
9
Don't know
892
97
Not Applicable
10428
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing data
3583
Occupation
21531
0
99
0
1
650
1
2
4156
2
3
1294
3
4
770
4
5
153
5
6
675
6
7
93
7
8
24
8
9
258
9
10
472
10
11
416
11
12
83
12
13
1060
13
14
174
14
15
2420
15
16
1476
17
17
1
18
18
13
19
19
33
20
20
2
21
21
3
22
22
1
23
23
2
24
24
6
25
25
0
26
26
1
27
27
1
28
28
22
29
29
3
30
30
8
31
31
72
32
32
11
33
33
6
41
34
96
42
35
93
44
36
131
45
37
216
46
38
78
47
39
505
48
40
328
49
41
518
50
42
765
51
43
228
52
44
111
53
45
883
54
46
318
55
47
326
56
48
137
59
49
72
60
50
1396
61
51
199
95
52
101
98
53
8
99
54
663
Gender
21531
1
99
1
Male
10751
2
Female
10660
99
120
Age
21531
0
999
0
Don't know
54
15
5
16
1
17
4
18
686
19
717
20
864
21
568
22
672
23
637
24
656
25
919
26
617
27
710
28
711
29
589
30
950
31
448
32
619
33
418
34
459
35
725
36
480
37
396
38
493
39
426
40
740
41
314
42
440
43
270
44
243
45
486
46
241
47
273
48
278
49
238
50
474
51
147
52
232
53
136
54
165
55
217
56
159
57
140
58
135
59
145
60
282
61
90
62
111
63
123
64
103
65
159
66
91
67
108
68
92
69
66
70
142
71
50
72
55
73
48
74
36
75
47
76
31
77
24
78
31
79
30
80
48
81
13
82
16
83
7
84
6
85
9
86
7
87
8
88
2
89
4
90
8
91
2
92
3
93
3
94
1
97
4
98
2
99
1
100
1
101
Refused to answer
5
999
Missing Data
365
Education
21531
0
99
0
No formal schooling
4345
1
Primary only
6944
2
Secondary
7627
3
Post-secondary
2527
10
Don't know
22
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing data
62
Unemployed
21531
0
99
0
No
6689
1
Yes
5937
2
Don't know/Don't Remember
91
98
Refused to Answer
6
99
Missing data
8808
Urban or Rural
21531
1
99
1
Urban
9324
2
Rural
11836
9
Can't Determine
50
99
Missing data
321
radnews/Radio news
21531
0
99
0
Never
2817
1
Less than once a month
746
2
About once a month
417
3
About once a week/few times a month
1716
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
4356
5
Every day
11372
9
Don't know
50
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
57
tvnews/TV news
21531
0
99
0
Never
9966
1
Less than once a month
1032
2
About once a month
375
3
About once a week/few times a month
1162
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
2054
5
Every day
4663
9
Don't know
176
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
2103
newspap/Newspapers
21531
0
99
0
Never
10865
1
Less than once a month
1752
2
About once a month
748
3
About once a week/few times a month
2314
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
2778
5
Every day
2817
9
Don't know
185
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
72
wofood/Without food
21531
0
99
0
never
9386
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
6803
2
frequently/often
2860
3
always
119
5
Don't know
34
99
missing data
2329
wowater/Without Water
21531
0
99
0
never
9932
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
5560
2
frequently/often
3203
3
always
505
5
Don't know
35
99
missing data
2296
wohealth/Without healthcare
21531
0
99
0
never
9042
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
6651
2
frequently/often
3113
3
always
332
5
Don't know
43
99
missing data
2350
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
21531
0
99
0
Never
3569
1
Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely
1878
2
Frequently/Often
1935
3
Always/Not Applicable (No Electricity)
5911
5
Don't know
202
98
Refused
0
99
Missing Data
8036
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
21531
0
99
0
Never
2922
1
Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely
5457
2
Frequently/Often
4695
3
Always
508
5
Don't know
35
98
Refused
0
99
Missing
7914
tired/Routine affected by tired
21531
0
99
0
Not at all/Never
3301
1
A little/Sometimes
5922
2
A lot/Often
4959
3
Rarely
1660
5
Don't know
32
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
5657
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
21531
1
99
1
Yes
5326
2
No
7594
3
Will not say
260
4
Don't know
422
98
Refused
3
99
Missing
7926
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
21531
0
101
0
Don't know,etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
4373
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
6086
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
1625
3
Social/economic development
587
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
3340
5
Peace/unity
1218
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
386
7
Equality/justice
890
8
Rule of law
53
9
Personal security
26
10
National independence
152
11
Majority rule
416
12
Group rights/freedoms
29
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
44
14
Govt. to provide civic education
17
15
Movement/Musevini
14
19
Other positive meanings
441
20
Conflict/confusion
39
21
Corruption/abuse of power
23
22
Social/economic hardship
31
23
govt of the rich
3
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
5
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
15
29
Other negative meanings
141
30
Mutual Respect
86
31
People Self-determination
45
32
Work Together
54
33
Mutual Understanding
0
80
Nothing/democracy is meaningless
307
91
Civilian politics/govt
699
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
62
95
Other null/neutral meanings
169
98
Refused/won't explain
44
101
Other
111
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
21531
0
101
0
Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
17577
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
1507
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
527
3
Social/economic development
217
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
279
5
Peace/unity
246
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
94
7
Equality/justice
425
8
Rule of law
30
9
Personal security
19
10
National independence
42
11
Majority rule
79
12
Group rights/freedoms
10
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
19
14
Govt. to provide civic education
5
15
Movement/Musevini
1
19
Other positive meanings
141
20
Conflict/confusion
1
21
Corruption/abuse of power
6
22
Social/economic hardship
4
23
govt of the rich
1
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
3
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
5
29
Other negative meanings
43
30
Mutual Respect
55
31
People Self-determination
18
32
Work Together
35
33
Mutual Understanding
0
80
Nothing/Democracy is meaningless
10
91
Civilian politics/govt
9
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
10
95
Other null/neutral meanings
19
98
Refused/won't explain
19
101
Other
75
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
21531
0
101
0
Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
20341
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
400
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
134
3
Social/economic development
81
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
55
5
Peace/unity
61
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
25
7
Equality/justice
170
8
Rule of law
13
9
Personal security
10
10
National independence
25
11
Majority rule
15
12
Group rights/freedoms
7
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
5
14
Govt. to provide civic education
0
15
Movement/Musevini
1
19
Other positive meanings
70
20
Conflict/confusion
2
21
Corruption/abuse of power
2
22
Social/economic hardship
1
23
govt of the rich
0
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
0
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
1
29
Other negative meanings
7
30
Mutual Respect
16
31
People Self-determination
3
32
Work Together
10
33
Mutual Understanding
0
80
Nothing/democracy is meaningless
10
91
Civilian politics/govt
0
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
3
95
Other null/neutral meanings
2
98
Refused/won't explain
18
101
Other
43
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
7879
2
Important
5454
3
Not very important
1844
4
Not important at all
1062
9
Don't know
978
98
Refused
1
99
Missing data
4313
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
7365
2
Important
5656
3
Not very important
2243
4
Not important at all
1122
9
Don't know
822
98
Refused
2
99
Missing data
4321
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
7195
2
Important
5588
3
Not very important
2355
4
Not important at all
1231
9
Don't know
834
98
Refused
2
99
Missing data
4326
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
7017
2
Important
5690
3
Not very important
2239
4
Not important at all
1282
9
Don't know
970
98
Refused
2
99
Missing data
4331
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
11161
2
Important
4333
3
Not very important
769
4
Not important at all
316
9
Don't know
623
98
Refused
1
99
Missing data
4328
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
10734
2
Important
4396
3
Not very important
1094
4
Not important at all
374
9
Don't know
601
98
Refused
2
99
Missing data
4330
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
11047
2
Important
4502
3
Not very important
756
4
Not important at all
276
9
Don't know
612
98
Refused
1
99
Missing data
4337
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
7578
2
Important
4885
3
Not very important
2509
4
Not important at all
1251
9
Don't know
969
98
Refused
1
99
Missing data
4338
respwell/Responsible for well being?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
7382
2
A, Somewhat
3323
3
B, Somewhat
2640
4
B, Strongly
7519
5
Do not agree with either
379
9
Don't know
227
98
Refused to answer
1
99
Missing data
60
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
7954
2
A, Somewhat
3435
3
B, Somewhat
2268
4
B, Strongly
7288
5
Do not agree with either
317
9
Don't know
232
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
37
freeearn/Free to earn?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
9477
2
A, Somewhat
4132
3
B, Somewhat
2381
4
B, Strongly
4338
5
Do not agree with either
658
9
Don't know
509
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
36
startbus/Start new business?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
1432
2
A, Somewhat
1209
3
B, Somewhat
3058
4
B, Strongly
8467
5
Do not agree with either
328
9
Don't know
428
99
6609
resphous/Building house
21531
1
99
1
Government
4888
2
Private Companies
493
3
Individuals
9346
4
Combination
4350
8
Don't Know
119
98
Refused to answer
7
99
Missing Data
2328
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
21531
1
99
1
Government
13218
2
Private Companies
632
3
Individuals
522
4
Combination
4498
8
Don't Know
310
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
2351
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
21531
1
99
1
Government
9913
2
Private Companies
1360
3
Individuals
1660
4
Combination
5641
8
Don't Know
606
98
Refused to answer
2
99
Missing Data
2349
respscho/Providing school/clinics
21531
1
99
1
Government
12656
2
Private Companies
160
3
Individuals
509
4
Combination
5794
8
Don't Know
82
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
2330
respjobs/Creating jobs
21531
1
99
1
Government
11449
2
Private Companies
361
3
Individuals
597
4
Combination
6683
8
Don't Know
113
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
2328
respcrim/Reducing crime
21531
1
99
1
Government
11594
2
Private Companies
99
3
Individuals
778
4
Combination
6520
8
Don't Know
107
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
2433
trustgen/Trust generally
21531
1
99
1
Most people can be trusted
3281
2
You must be very careful
15661
9
Don't know
517
98
Refused to answer
2
99
Missing data
2070
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
21531
1
99
1
Very interested/Always/most of the time
5177
2
Somewhat interested/Some of the time
7675
3
Now and then
2037
4
Not interested/Hardly
6207
5
Don't know
361
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing data
71
dscspols/Discuss politics
21531
0
99
0
never
7778
1
sometimes
9133
2
Often
4328
9
Don't know
209
98
Refused
1
99
Missing data
82
undergov/Understand government?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly/Strongly agree
7074
2
A, Somewhat/Agree
6496
3
B, Somewhat/Disagree
3227
4
B, Strongly/Strongly Disagree
3073
5
Do not agree with either/Neither agree nor disagree
1109
9
Don't know
495
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing data
53
nmcllr/Name local government representative
21531
0
99
0
Incorrect
955
1
Correct
6432
5
Could not determine
450
9
Don't know
8990
97
Not Applicable
1279
98
Refused to answer
39
99
Missing data
3386
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
21531
0
99
0
Incorrect
814
1
Correct
5185
5
Could not determine
237
9
Don't know
12390
98
Refused to answer
14
99
Missing data
2891
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
21531
0
99
0
Incorrect
1007
1
Correct
4395
5
Could not determine
371
9
Don't know
13254
98
Refused to answer
13
99
Missing data
2491
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
21531
0
99
0
Incorrect
788
1
Correct
10795
5
Could not determine
127
9
Don't know
6908
98
Refused to answer
13
99
Missing data
2900
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
204
2
Disagree
249
3
Neither agree nor disagree
371
4
Agree
4303
5
Strongly agree
11954
9
Don't know
102
98
Refused
11
99
Missing data
4337
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
162
2
Disagree
197
3
Neither agree nor disagree
297
4
Agree
3482
5
Strongly agree
8568
9
Don't know
92
98
Refused
10
99
Missing data
8723
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
751
2
Disagree
384
3
Neither agree nor disagree
309
4
Agree
4179
5
Strongly agree
11355
9
Don't know
129
98
Refused
12
99
Missing data
4412
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
810
2
Disagree
655
3
Neither agree nor disagree
502
4
Agree
3133
5
Strongly agree
7533
9
Don't know
184
98
Refused
13
99
Missing data
8701
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
998
2
Disagree
1682
3
Neither agree nor disagree
1606
4
Agree
3065
5
Strongly agree
5012
9
Don't know
400
98
Refused
13
99
Missing data
8755
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
788
2
Disagree
1403
3
Neither agree nor disagree
1107
4
Agree
3721
5
Strongly agree
5471
9
Don't know
275
98
Refused
13
99
Missing data
8753
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2713
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3031
3
About the same/no change
3899
4
Better/somewhat better
5813
5
Much better
2793
6
Don't know
888
98
Refused
17
99
Missing data
2377
handjobs/Handling jobs
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
6705
2
Quite badly/Not very well
5787
3
Fairly well
6239
4
Very well
1731
9
Don't know
1031
98
Refused to answer
6
99
Missing Data
32
handpric/Handling prices
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
6783
2
Quite badly/Not very well
6068
3
Fairly well
5939
4
Very well
1712
9
Don't know
983
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing Data
43
handgap/Handling gaps
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
4360
2
Quite badly/Not very well
4530
3
Fairly well
3568
4
Very well
844
9
Don't know
1044
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
7185
econcond/Satisfied national economy
21531
1
99
1
Not at all satisfied/Very dissatisfied
6591
2
Not very satisfied/Dissatisfied
6838
3
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
848
4
Fairly satisfied/Satisfied
5558
5
Very satisfied
1239
6
Don't know
362
99
Missing data
95
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
21531
1
99
1
much less satisfied
4118
2
slightly less satisfied
4928
3
about the same
4379
4
slightly more satisfied
5817
5
much more satisfied
1730
9
Don't know
454
98
Refused
0
99
Missing Data
105
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
21531
1
99
1
much less satisfied/much worse
3082
2
slightly less satisfied/Worse
2388
3
about the same
3588
4
slightly more satisfied/Better
5010
5
Much more satified/Much better
4177
9
Don't know
3181
98
Refused to answer
1
99
Missing Data
104
livecond/Conditions better/worse
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2833
2
Worse
4505
3
About the same
6069
4
Better
4731
5
Much better
820
9
Don't know
462
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing Data
2108
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2122
2
Worse
3046
3
About the same
6545
4
Better
3666
5
Much better
1170
9
Don't know
524
98
Refused
9
99
Missing data
4449
freesay/Free to say
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
630
2
Worse/somewhat worse
959
3
About the same/no change
1700
4
Better/somewhat better
7989
5
Much better
7106
6
Don't know
784
98
Refused
15
99
Missing data
2348
freejoin/Join any organization
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
262
2
Worse/somewhat worse
581
3
About the same/no change
1850
4
Better/somewhat better
7965
5
Much better
7672
6
Don't know
834
98
Refused
16
99
Missing data
2351
freechse/Free to choose
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
359
2
Worse/somewhat worse
652
3
About the same/no change
1732
4
Better/somewhat better
7449
5
Much better
8196
6
Don't know
772
98
Refused
18
99
Missing data
2353
equaltrt/Treated equally
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
1692
2
Worse/somewhat worse
2341
3
About the same/no change
4050
4
Better/somewhat better
6256
5
Much better
3758
6
Don't know
1047
98
Refused
19
99
Missing data
2368
elhonest/Elections honest
21531
1
99
1
Very dishonestly/Not free & fair
2059
2
Somewhat dishonestly/Free & fair with major problems
2523
3
Quite honestly/Free & fair with minor problems
6534
4
Very honestly/Completely free & fair
8163
9
Don't know
2161
98
Refused to answer
9
99
Missing data
82
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
407
2
Disagree
353
3
Neither agree nor disagree
478
4
Agree
3758
5
Strongly agree
7714
9
Don't know
188
98
Refused
10
99
Missing data
8623
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
21531
1
99
1
Always
1668
2
To a large extent
2522
3
To some extent
5701
4
Hardly at all
3256
5
Never
5068
9
Don't know
1097
98
Refused to answer
14
99
Missing Data
2205
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
21531
1
99
1
One group only
2752
2
Just a few groups
536
3
All citizens
8932
9
Don't know
666
98
Refused
5
99
Missing data
8640
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
21531
1
999
1
1
20
2
2
49
3
3
52
4
4
2
5
5
4
6
6
5
7
7
1
8
8
0
9
9
3
10
10
0
11
11
2
12
12
0
13
13
0
14
14
0
15
15
11
16
16
0
17
17
1
18
18
53
19
19
0
20
20
0
21
21
0
22
22
15
23
23
3
24
24
0
25
25
88
26
26
243
27
27
2
28
28
2
29
29
2
30
30
22
31
31
1
32
32
2
33
33
12
34
34
45
35
35
9
36
36
18
37
37
0
38
38
4
39
39
11
40
40
0
41
41
0
42
42
22
43
43
0
44
44
0
45
45
3
46
46
1
47
47
5
48
48
1
49
49
19
50
50
1
51
51
154
52
52
1
53
53
1
54
54
21
55
55
1
56
56
0
57
57
2
58
58
1
59
59
0
60
60
2
61
61
7
62
62
135
63
63
30
64
64
47
65
65
165
66
66
10
67
67
14
69
68
88
70
69
74
71
70
8
72
71
97
73
72
34
74
73
13
75
74
2
76
75
2
77
76
2
78
77
1
79
78
12
80
79
2
81
80
3
82
81
108
83
82
54
84
83
160
85
84
69
86
85
3
87
86
56
88
87
1
89
88
8
90
89
12
91
90
6
92
91
41
93
92
32
94
93
8
95
94
44
96
95
25
100
96
3
101
97
6
102
98
75
103
99
14
104
100
7
105
101
5
106
102
3
107
103
2
108
104
62
109
105
2
110
106
31
111
107
1
112
108
2
113
109
9
114
110
6
115
111
1
116
112
1
117
113
2
118
114
3
119
115
1
120
116
1
121
117
3
122
118
1
123
119
1
124
120
0
125
121
1
126
122
1
127
123
75
151
124
220
152
125
8
153
126
11
154
127
47
155
128
5
156
129
10
157
130
120
158
131
79
159
132
6
160
133
3
161
134
1
162
135
5
163
136
1
164
137
1
165
138
23
166
139
0
167
140
3
168
141
15
169
142
7
170
143
2
171
144
3
172
145
0
173
146
10
174
147
4
175
148
0
176
149
1
177
150
0
178
151
0
179
152
1
180
153
0
181
154
0
182
155
3
183
156
1
184
157
0
185
158
0
186
159
4
187
160
1
188
161
0
189
162
3
190
163
0
191
164
1
192
165
2
193
166
0
194
167
1
195
168
1
196
169
0
197
170
74
997
171
2895
998
172
47
999
173
15303
handcrim/Handling crime
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
5752
2
Quite badly/Not very well
4371
3
Fairly well
7595
4
Very well
3282
9
Don't know
481
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing Data
46
safepast/Safety five years ago
21531
1
99
1
Much less safe/Much worse
3750
2
Somewhat less safe/Worse
3715
3
About the same
3222
4
Somewhat more safe/Better
4826
5
Much more safe/Much better
2916
6
Don't know
703
98
Refused to anser
18
99
Missing data
2381
handcorr/Handling corruption
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
3783
2
Quite badly/Not very well
2912
3
Fairly well
4616
4
Very well
2078
9
Don't know
958
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing Data
7184
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree/Almost all
6112
2
Disagree/most/a lot
5821
3
Agree/a few/some
5188
4
Strongly agree/Almost none
2093
5
Haven't heard enough
0
9
Don't know
2237
98
Refused to answer
11
99
Missing data
69
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
21531
1
99
1
Very common/Almost all
2720
2
Fairly common/Most/ a lot
4064
3
Fairly rare/A few/some
4424
4
Very rare/Almost none
1841
9
Don't know
2781
98
Refused
13
99
Missing data
5688
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
21531
1
99
1
Very common/Almost all
3190
2
Fairly common/Most/ a lot
4939
3
Fairly rare/A few/some
4145
4
Very rare/Almost none
1327
9
Don't know
2245
98
Refused
11
99
Missing data
5674
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree/Much more
3651
2
Disagree/More
3882
3
Agree/Less
4191
4
Strongly agree/Much less
3996
5
About the same
1674
9
Don't know
1712
98
Refused to answer
13
99
Missing data
2412
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2264
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3773
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
5308
4
I trust them a lot/Always
4942
9
Don't know
933
98
Refused to answer
16
99
Missing data
4295
trpolice/Trust police
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
5918
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
5243
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
5957
4
I trust them a lot/Always
3772
9
Don't know
598
98
Refused to answer
5
99
Missing data
38
trcourts/Trust courts of law
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
3572
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
4853
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
7179
4
I trust them a lot/Always
4486
9
Don't know
1371
98
Refused to answer
5
99
Missing data
65
trarmy/Trust army
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
3323
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3425
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
5319
4
I trust them a lot/Always
6157
9
Don't know
1005
98
Refused to answer
7
99
Missing data
2295
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
3019
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3317
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
6737
4
I trust them a lot/Always
5525
9
Don't know
2856
98
Refused to answer
6
99
Missing data
71
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
1306
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
2164
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4885
4
I trust them a lot/Always
6040
9
don't know
1214
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing data
5919
presperf/Performance of President
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
1909
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
2208
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
5297
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
5297
9
Don't know
1144
98
Refused to answer
24
99
Missing data
5652
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
3802
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
4482
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
7704
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
3051
9
Don't know
2397
98
Refused to answer
11
99
Missing data
84
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
2909
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
3863
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
7333
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
3494
6
Not Applicable for my area
614
9
Don't know
2003
98
Refused to answer
7
99
Missing data
1308
handeduc/Handling education
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
3735
2
Quite badly/Not very well
4427
3
Fairly well
8627
4
Very well
4127
9
Don't know
552
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing Data
59
handheal/Handling basic health
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
4290
2
Quite badly/Not very well
4870
3
Fairly well
8562
4
Very well
3334
9
Don't know
412
98
Refused to answer
4
99
Missing Data
59
handaids/Handling AIDS
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
1321
2
Fairly badly/Not very well
1379
3
Fairly well
3408
4
Very well
1972
9
Don't know
661
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
12790
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
21531
0
99
0
nothing/no problems
122
1
AIDS
333
2
agriculture/farming/livestock
589
3
communications
3
4
corruption
207
5
crime and security
1095
6
democracy/political rights
75
7
development
107
8
discrimination/inequality
114
9
economy (national)
1261
10
education
1187
11
electricity
101
12
environment/drought
117
13
food/famine
936
14
gender/women's rights
28
15
governance
141
16
health
1157
17
housing
186
18
infrastructure/roads
567
19
job creation/unemployment
2920
20
labour
17
21
land
34
22
loans/credit
313
23
marketing
109
24
political violence/civil war (internal)
199
25
political violence/war (international)
106
26
political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism
275
27
poverty/destitution
1145
28
rates and taxes
160
29
services (general)
181
30
sanitation/sewerage
20
31
traditional/moral values
50
32
transportation
206
33
violence
42
34
wages
208
35
water
615
36
social welfare
126
40
other economic problems
22
41
other social problems
82
42
other political problems
39
43
other
215
96
don't know
269
98
refused
2
99
missing/no further answer
5850
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
21531
0
99
0
nothing/no problems
68
1
AIDS
278
2
agriculture/farming/livestock
463
3
communications
15
4
corruption
243
5
crime and security
891
6
democracy/political rights
48
7
development
101
8
discrimination/inequality
76
9
economy (national)
792
10
education
1197
11
electricity
156
12
environment/drought
87
13
food/famine
543
14
gender/women's rights
27
15
governance
102
16
health
1427
17
housing
288
18
infrastructure/roads
543
19
job creation/unemployment
1580
20
labour
20
21
land
39
22
loans/credit
237
23
marketing
106
24
political violence/civil war (internal)
88
25
political violence/war (international)
50
26
political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism
108
27
poverty/destitution
685
28
rates and taxes
126
29
services (general)
389
30
sanitation/sewerage
34
31
traditional/moral values
57
32
transportation
171
33
violence
19
34
wages
171
35
water
596
36
social welfare
120
40
other economic problems
37
41
other social problems
104
42
other political problems
21
43
other
200
96
don't know
48
98
refused
2
99
missing/no further answer
9178
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
1377
2
Disagree
1896
3
Neither agree nor disagree
1167
4
Agree
5888
5
Strongly agree
3642
9
Don't know
1874
98
Refused
6
99
Missing data
5681
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
3749
2
Disagree
3766
3
Neither agree nor disagree
1065
4
Agree
3812
5
Strongly agree
2495
9
Don't know
930
98
Refused
7
99
Missing data
5707
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
21531
0
99
0
No, not a member/Never attend
6937
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
14548
9
Don't know
22
99
Missing data
24
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
21531
0
99
0
No, not a member/Never attend
14489
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
4927
9
Don't know
49
99
Missing data
2066
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
21531
0
99
0
No, not a member/Never attend
16084
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
3305
9
Don't know
54
99
Missing data
2088
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
21531
0
99
0
No, not a member/Never attend
15727
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
3531
9
Don't know
160
99
Missing data
2113
clseprty/Close to party
21531
1
99
1
Yes
11567
2
No
9734
3
Don't know
77
98
Refused to answer
103
99
Missing data
50
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
21531
0
99
0
Loser
3392
1
Neutral/no party
9793
2
Winner
7800
8
Refused
425
9
Don't know
65
99
Missing data
56
votelast/Voted last elections
21531
0
99
0
I did not vote
2813
1
I decided not to vote
1118
2
Unable to vote
1584
3
I voted
15533
4
No election in my area
161
5
Can't remember
200
98
Refused
2
99
Missing data
120
parcomm/Attend community meeting
21531
0
99
0
Never
10792
1
Only once
1713
2
Sometimes
4929
3
Often
3965
9
Don't know
57
98
Refused to Answer
0
99
Missing data
75
parissue/Raise an issue
21531
0
99
0
Never
7297
1
Only once/Once or twice
1595
2
Sometimes/A few times
4219
3
Often
2716
4
Would do if I had the chance
3268
9
Don't know
117
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
2319
parrally/Attend election rally
21531
0
99
0
Never
9868
1
Only once/Once or twice
2238
2
Sometimes/A few times
3916
3
Often
2912
4
Would do if I had the chance
2404
9
Don't know
132
98
Refused to answer
1
99
Missing data
60
parcand/Work for candidate
21531
0
99
0
Never
14063
1
Only once/Once or twice
911
2
Sometimes/A few times
1577
3
Often
1224
4
Would do if I had the chance
3520
9
Don't know
178
98
Refused to answer
2
99
Missing data
56
parnews/Write newspaper
21531
0
99
0
Never
13721
1
Only once/Once or twice
458
2
Sometimes/A few times
440
3
Often
180
4
Would do if I had the chance
4157
9
Don't know
249
98
Refused to answer
3
99
Missing data
2323
pardemo/Attend demonstration
21531
0
99
0
Never
14475
1
Only once/Once or twice
878
2
Sometimes/A few times
913
3
Often
426
4
Would do if I had the chance
2393
9
Don't know
142
98
Refused to answer
2
99
Missing data
2302
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
21531
0
99
0
never
18534
1
only once/twice
1092
2
sometimes/a few times
1233
3
often/frequently
570
5
Don't know
34
98
Refused to answer
2
99
Missing data
66
coninflu/Contact influential person
21531
0
99
0
never
15330
1
only once/twice
1545
2
sometimes/a few times
3036
3
often/frequently
1532
5
Don't know
30
98
Refused to answer
0
99
Missing data
58
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
21531
1
99
1
Strongly Agree
3119
2
Agree
1896
3
Disagree/Democracy always best: Agree
4453
4
Strongly Disagree/Democracy always best: Strongly agree
10991
6
Do not agree with either
260
9
Don't know
733
98
Refused
11
99
Missing data
68
Within country weight
21531
0.0427
2.264
Country weight
21531
0.333055786844296
1.01954120645709
0.333055786844296
3603
0.528401585204756
2271
0.545454545454545
2200
0.545951
2198
0.574437529918621
2089
0.598802395209581
2004
0.993377483443709
1208
1
3598
1.01437024513948
1183
1.01954120645709
1177
Country weight x within country weight
21531
0.0232909090909091
1.23490909090909
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
21531
0.098322318
2.551780272
0.098322318
1200
0.106635156
1183
0.133027743
1177
0.38754536
2089
0.610958807
1198
0.662812579
1208
0.701693944
2004
0.701864658
2271
0.735871438
1200
1.189311501
2198
1.420361173
2200
2.551780272
3603
Africa weight x Within country weight
21531
0.0313626481918833
3.215697695672
Respondent's race?
21531
1
99
1
Black/African
20490
2
White/European
445
3
Coloured
280
4
Indian
108
5
Chinese/Japanese/Asian
0
6
Could not tell
2
99
Missing data
206
What is your home language?
21531
1
999
1
1
513
2
2
856
3
3
3
4
4
46
5
5
86
6
6
383
7
7
9
8
8
77
9
9
206
10
10
569
11
11
93
12
12
1
13
13
54
14
14
1352
15
15
1371
16
16
176
17
17
55
18
18
939
19
19
0
20
20
39
21
21
41
22
22
375
23
23
495
24
24
187
26
25
383
27
26
28
29
27
38
30
28
266
31
29
155
32
30
12
33
31
17
34
32
114
35
33
62
37
34
2
38
35
10
41
36
1196
42
37
28
43
38
48
44
39
234
45
40
117
46
41
40
47
42
45
48
43
14
50
44
28
51
45
16
52
46
13
53
47
10
54
48
23
55
49
3
56
50
11
57
51
8
58
52
20
59
53
1
60
54
2
61
55
1
62
56
14
63
57
1
64
58
12
65
59
1
66
60
15
67
61
2
68
62
17
69
63
10
70
64
3
71
65
1
72
66
2
73
67
2
74
68
17
75
69
1
76
70
3
77
71
1
78
72
1
80
73
18
81
74
1
82
75
9
83
76
2
84
77
1011
85
78
160
86
79
75
87
80
125
88
81
91
89
82
164
90
83
127
91
84
125
92
85
63
93
86
25
94
87
15
95
88
8
96
89
9
98
90
6
99
91
1
100
92
73
101
93
7
102
94
4
103
95
1136
104
96
919
105
97
601
106
98
81
107
99
53
108
100
15
109
101
122
110
102
79
111
103
128
113
104
64
114
105
14
115
106
3
116
107
5
117
108
2
118
109
10
119
110
1
120
111
10
121
112
1
122
113
27
123
114
4
124
115
19
125
116
1
126
117
5
127
118
6
128
119
2
129
120
1
130
121
5
131
122
1
132
123
1
133
124
1
134
125
1
135
126
5
136
127
2
137
128
1
138
129
1
139
130
66
140
131
2
141
132
4
142
133
2
143
134
1
145
135
1
146
136
27
147
137
1
148
138
3
149
139
1
150
140
4
151
141
2
152
142
1
153
143
2
154
144
2
155
145
2
156
146
1
157
147
6
158
148
4
159
149
1
160
150
1
161
151
3
162
152
22
163
153
7
164
154
1
165
155
1
166
156
1
167
157
1
168
158
1
169
159
2
170
160
1
171
161
1
172
162
1
173
163
2
174
164
3
175
165
1
176
166
2
177
167
1
178
168
9
179
169
1
180
170
1
181
171
2
182
172
1
183
173
1
184
174
8
185
175
1
186
176
1
187
177
29
188
178
1
189
179
26
190
180
108
191
181
5
192
182
23
193
183
8
194
184
576
195
185
66
196
186
117
197
187
292
198
188
225
199
189
9
200
190
16
201
191
146
202
192
78
203
193
271
204
194
67
205
195
35
206
196
1017
207
197
44
208
198
33
209
199
70
210
200
44
211
201
82
212
202
207
213
203
29
214
204
31
215
205
12
216
206
16
217
207
33
218
208
32
219
209
39
220
210
52
221
211
27
222
212
2
995
213
931
998
214
1
999
215
101
actual party affiliation
21531
0
999
0
1
9793
1
2
46
2
3
9
3
4
75
4
5
3
5
6
6
6
7
4
7
8
616
8
9
10
9
10
5
13
11
6
14
12
63
15
13
8
16
14
2
18
15
5
19
16
9
20
17
4
21
18
1
22
19
23
23
20
2
24
21
1
25
22
1
26
23
8
27
24
348
29
25
537
30
26
2
32
27
1
33
28
6
34
29
268
35
30
55
36
31
1
37
32
2
38
33
6
40
34
368
41
35
1
44
36
37
45
37
16
46
38
2
49
39
4
50
40
2
51
41
87
52
42
293
53
43
557
54
44
1
57
45
5
59
46
1
60
47
12
61
48
690
62
49
1
65
50
62
66
51
1
67
52
6
68
53
39
70
54
52
71
55
23
72
56
3
73
57
12
80
58
132
81
59
54
82
60
4
83
61
2
84
62
405
85
63
2
86
64
1
87
65
1
88
66
2
89
67
1
90
68
766
91
69
506
92
70
25
93
71
3
94
72
29
100
73
848
101
74
13
102
75
6
103
76
37
104
77
8
105
78
77
106
79
8
107
80
13
108
81
34
109
82
30
110
83
50
111
84
1
112
85
5
113
86
1
114
87
10
115
88
16
116
89
1
117
90
6
118
91
2
119
92
6
120
93
852
121
94
264
122
95
209
130
96
23
131
97
177
132
98
114
133
99
1369
134
100
41
135
101
16
140
102
4
141
103
45
142
104
1
143
105
2
144
106
36
145
107
10
146
108
444
990
109
65
995
110
72
998
111
425
999
112
56
District
21531
1
999
1
1
48
2
2
48
3
3
56
4
4
135
5
5
55
6
6
153
7
7
96
8
8
56
9
9
160
10
10
113
11
11
103
12
12
87
13
13
73
14
14
72
15
15
173
16
16
153
17
17
134
18
18
80
19
19
144
20
20
70
21
21
65
22
22
148
23
23
161
24
24
95
25
25
189
26
26
165
27
27
67
28
28
150
29
29
144
30
30
124
31
31
95
32
32
66
33
33
0
34
34
0
35
35
0
36
36
166
37
37
32
38
38
89
39
39
16
40
40
36
41
41
56
42
42
207
43
43
554
44
44
42
45
45
24
46
46
97
47
47
32
48
48
73
49
49
271
50
50
32
51
51
48
52
52
84
53
53
101
54
54
46
55
55
193
56
56
47
57
57
40
58
58
88
59
59
32
60
60
77
61
61
170
62
62
137
63
63
315
64
64
113
65
65
148
66
66
81
67
67
32
68
68
63
69
69
35
70
70
317
71
71
214
72
72
139
73
73
212
74
74
345
75
75
236
76
76
224
77
77
234
78
78
62
79
79
21
80
80
226
81
81
90
82
82
263
83
83
112
84
84
310
85
85
310
86
86
336
87
87
362
88
88
80
100
89
320
101
90
140
102
91
496
103
92
412
104
93
132
105
94
100
106
95
196
107
96
164
108
97
240
110
98
139
111
99
47
112
100
168
113
101
35
114
102
76
115
103
233
116
104
219
117
105
139
118
106
251
119
107
67
120
108
375
121
109
209
122
110
146
123
111
360
124
112
87
125
113
31
126
114
116
127
115
50
128
116
277
129
117
214
130
118
148
131
119
216
150
120
112
151
121
66
152
122
25
153
123
72
154
124
21
155
125
55
156
126
111
157
127
32
158
128
48
159
129
104
160
130
142
161
131
64
162
132
56
163
133
16
164
134
32
165
135
32
166
136
32
167
137
16
168
138
40
169
139
96
170
140
48
171
141
136
172
142
56
173
143
103
174
144
104
175
145
136
176
146
72
177
147
120
178
148
16
179
149
24
180
150
32
181
151
48
182
152
49
183
153
56
184
154
40
185
155
59
200
156
120
201
157
56
202
158
128
203
159
104
204
160
112
205
161
128
206
162
31
207
163
16
208
164
78
209
165
104
210
166
33
211
167
16
212
168
56
213
169
96
214
170
136
215
171
48
216
172
105
217
173
63
218
174
168
219
175
64
220
176
80
221
177
160
222
178
72
223
179
96
224
180
128
999
181
111